Integrated Marketing Communications Free Essays

string(467) unfeasible to build up a relapse proportion of IMC for BMW vehicles in this nation because of the accessibility of different sorts of IMC devices through which the client can be arrived at, for example, direct showcasing, individual selling, occasion sponsorship, media publicizing, deals advancements, and the web restricting the utilization of this apparatus since it is difficult to tell how every one of these components influence the clients conduct in an incorporated structure (BMW Group in the UK, 2013). Dynamic In under 20 years, IMC has spread everywhere throughout the world and has become the most acknowledged business practice. IMC has changed how correspondence promoting happens. The complexities of utilization of IMC lie in the failure to assess the projects adequately. We will compose a custom paper test on Incorporated Marketing Communications or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Kitchen, Kim and Schultz (2008) contend that this difficult will adversely affect on the application and further improvement of IMC. A few speculations have been recommended in an exertion of building up a coordinated way to deal with estimating IMC. A portion of these speculations incorporate estimation of supreme IMC impact, relapse models, and IMC estimation after some time. Examination of these contentions, it is apparent that none of them give a powerful method of estimating UMC because of the complexities that outcome from the communications between various IMC apparatuses. As much as this contention is established dependent on the complexities that emerge when attempting to build up a powerful method of assessing IMC, it is as yet one of the most present points that are under investigation giving enough information that demonstrate its viability. All the more in this way, the estimation of the instruments of IMC autonomously gives information that can be utilized in the assessment of IMC. Along these lines, this paper infers that the different proportions of the IMC apparatuses is considerable enough to give a gauge and consequently decide the adequacy of IMC 1.0 Introduction The surfacing of IMC is the most significant delineation of advancement that has been acknowledged in the showcasing discipline (Kitchen, Kim Schultz, 2008). The expanded receptiveness on the planet economy has encouraged expanded rivalry, which has legitimately influenced the reasoning and dynamic inside numerous associations. Integrated promoting was created around twenty years prior when experts and academicians were building up a methodology that is reasonable enough to benefit a serious key situation inside an association. The beginning of 1990s saw the headway of IMC as a hotly debated issue in investigating showcasing methodology of numerous associations (Belch, 2004). As much as IMC has progressed as a showcasing procedure, Kitchen, Kim and Schultz (2008) contend that, the viability and consequently further improvement of IMC is subverted by the absence of proof on assessment or estimation of the IMC. This paper will fundamentally examine this contention to learn the validity of the end that was gotten from the above authors’ study. 2.0 Integrated Marketing Communication as a Theory As prior referenced the idea of IMC is still new, and a large portion of the speculations that clarify its application are still a work in progress and examination. At the point when the idea of IMC was first presented, showcasing and publicizing scholars were supportive of the idea, accepting that it offered favorable circumstances for the two fields. Then again, instructors in advertising were out properly contradicted to the idea (Reid, 2005). A decent number of researchers in the advertising field contended that not exclusively was IMC a type of government in promoting, yet additionally an infringement (Belch, 2004). This idea was created since IMC saw promotion as a feature of advertising utility while advertising as an administration work. This contention proceeded and brought about a few exploration considers being directed in the investigation of IMC. Estimation of IMC has been very testing with certain creators concurring with the explanation that there are no believable est imation methods for IMC, while others proposing that it is very conceivable to gauge IMC viably. The absence of successful and worthy estimation of IMC programs is a significant region of analysis. A few creators have contended that most estimations that are applied in the estimation of IMC programs depend on aberrant estimations through estimation of the yield of the projects instead of estimating the results of correspondence exercises in showcasing, which gives a superior comprehension of the impacts of estimation. Schultz and Kitchen (2000) contended that it is difficult to quantify many advertising exercises legitimately. All the more in this way, it is significantly progressively complex to discover the worth and effects of correspondence impacts. Along these lines, quantifiability as an issue influences both all promoting correspondence exercises and IMC programs. To completely incorporate this idea of un-quantifiability of IMC, this paper investigations the accessible hypotheses that give measures to estimating IMC. 2.1 Measuring supreme IMC Effect This is one of the principle speculations that attempt to help the contention that IMC is quantifiable. In any case, the idea of the showcasing condition restrains the quantifiability of IMC. This is a direct result of the transparency of the promoting condition to contending impacts and an assortment of boosts from around the world. In this manner, estimating the genuine impact of IMC is just reachable in a shut domain, for example, a research facility. This includes members in a trial that has a controlled gathering of members to have the option to gauge the impacts of various IMC programs. 2.2 Regression Models in estimating IMC This is likewise a significant hypothesize that attempts to give a pertinent measure to IMC. This is the most as often as possible methodology utilized in the estimation of IMC. Lee and Park (2007) are credited for building up a multidimensional device for estimating IMC. This device was planned dependent on relapse investigation for approving the scale. Then again, Reid (2005) investigated the connection between brand results and IMC process. The use of different relapse investigation empowered the specialist to break down the impacts of advertising factors adequately that are influenced by the degree of IMC consistency inside an association. Be that as it may, the issue of the utilization of relapse examination applied as far as possible the estimations to a particular channel of promoting correspondence. IMC includes combination of differing methods of showcasing correspondence, which constrains the practicability of relapse investigation as a methods for estimation. This is so si nce multicollinearity is inescapable in IMC while unsupported by relapse investigation. For example, if a relapse examination proportion of deals and brand estimation of an item, for example, BMW vehicles in the UK is created, the danger of multicollinearity is unavoidable because of the different correspondence directs applied in IMC (Reid, 2005). Along these lines, it is unrealistic to build up a relapse proportion of IMC for BMW vehicles in this nation because of the accessibility of different kinds of IMC apparatuses through which the client can be arrived at, for example, direct showcasing, individual selling, occasion sponsorship, media publicizing, deals advancements, and the web constraining the utilization of this device since it is difficult to tell how every one of these components influence the clients conduct in a coordinated structure (BMW Group in the UK, 2013). You read Coordinated Marketing Communications in classification Paper models 2.3 Measurement of IMC after some time The interlinks in the showcasing correspondence brings about a round procedure. Clearly conduct impacts mentalities and the other way around. For example, a consumer’s positive nature with a brand may compel the client to change the disposition and past systems or fortify the positive system that was in presence. In this manner, IMC depends on a drawn out synchronization of advancements and messages (Katrandjiev, 2000). IMC is recognized from the other promoting exercises in that it impacts the conduct of the objective gatherings. This occurs since IMC is arranged, made, executed and evaluated through investigation of purchaser conduct as far as present and future possibilities of buying an item or a help. The use of a longitudinal report gives a successful measure to IMC. Since a period factor is a need in estimating IMC, settlement of time as a factor has high odds of giving adequate and pragmatic outcomes. To build up a proportion of viability of IMC a correlation among it and the conventional promoting correspondence (TMC) is essential. Practicability of this measure in the business world is perplexing since it is unpredictable to apply both TMC and IMC so as to build up the viability of IMC in a particular association. A few hypotheses have been created in the ongoing past trying to build up the idea of IMC (Duncan, 2002; Schultz, Tannenbaum and Lauterborn, 1993, p.16). Be that as it may, a large portion of the formative speculations are established on clarifications including points of interest, definitions and acknowledgment. The primary issue confronting IMC is the proportion of its viability. A few ways to deal with giving measurements that can be utilized for estimating IMC have been created. A large number of the speculations of estimation of IMC are created dependent on the work led by Schultz and his partners. They led an examination in 1993, which reasoned that the IMC’s fundamental target is to make correspondence stages that help the present buying capacities everything being equal or even change future conduct possibilities. Shultz et al reasoned that the way toward estimating IMC ought to include estimation of every conduct part of the client that is in closeness to the real securing conduct as could be expected under the circumstances, and the procedure of estimation ought to be created as a feature of the arranging procedure. Be that as it may, the creators didn't prevail to gauge IMC viably because of the methodology they adopte

Iraq War Was Wrong Essay

The Iraq war was a frightful thing. It made numerous things occur. I’m against doing battle with them on the grounds that there were no weapons of mass devastation in Iraq as the US government asserted. One of the fundamental reasons recorded by George W Bush for the war was to make sure about Iraq’s compound and organic weapons, which didn't exist. Besides, there were no psychological oppressors in Iraq, and Iraq had no association with Sept. 11. We ought to have centered our assets in Afghanistan where the genuine psychological militants were. Thirdly, we were underprepared for the control of Iraq and couldn’t manage the rebellion that followed. Furthermore, in conclusion, the war was a gigantic misuse of assets which the US picked up nothing from. The United States lost more than 1,040 American warriors battling in this war we didn't get anything from. The war has harmed our nation monetarily enormously. Over $151.1 Billion has been out towards the war. I feel since from this result we shouldn’t have done battle with them. It’s a hard thing to get our nation through. Iraq was assaulted by the United States in the time of 2003. The US did battle with Iraq, on the grounds that on either the organization or disinformation, and the began reason have changed once again the time. The fundamental explanation given by the organization of George W. Hedge was that Saddam Hussein the pioneer of Iraq was occupied with having atomic weapons. Many idea that Hussein may utilize these weapons to assault against The United States. One of the primary purposes behind the assaults on Iraq was to incapacitate them of any weapons of mass annihilation that they have. This bodes well to forestall future psychological oppressor assaults, however no weapons of mass annihilation were in Iraq. Iraq used weapons of mass annihilation in the 1980’s however not from that point forward. Practically all of Iraq’s weapons of mass demolition were annihilated or in any case made unusable in the 1990’s. Additionally, Saddam needed to remain in power. Utilizing weapons of mass demolition would mean a definite end to his capacity. This raises doubt about whether attacking Iraq was advocated in light of the fact that the Bush organization ought to have realized that weapons of mass decimation in Iraq were viably contained. Since Iraq is successfully contained, it was not, at this point an impending danger to the United States or some other nations any longer. Saddam Hussein had never taken steps to assault the United States or to utilize weapons of mass pulverization disagreeably. Without a doubt, Iraq’s encompassing nations, for example, Kuwait and Iran abhorred Saddam Hussein, however they were not scared of him. They realized that Iraq was the most fragile nation in the locale. Iraq had been frail and leveled out since the Gulf War and has not disturbed its neighbors. In the event that Iraq isn't a danger, there was no motivation to be assaulting them. Iraq was not engaged with the September eleventh assaults. So for what reason did we do battle with them? Since, the war had proceeded, in light of the fact that the powers of the US were assaulted by Iraqi guerillas. The US upheld another vote based government inside Iraq, which was contradicted by different Islamic gatherings that held force in the nation. The US endeavored to control the progression of oil from Iraq, one of the biggest oil makers in the Middle East.

Living la vida lab rat

Living la vida lab rat A few entries back, Lena asked How did you get the job in the lab and are the experiments you do designed by yourself or postdocs, professors, and grad students? The easiest question there to answer is how I got my job. The summer before my sophomore year, I emailed about ten professors whose work looked interesting, including my resume and a short cover letter. I got responses from two faculty members, interviewed with one, and took the job. Ive been in that lab for two and a half years now; I work about 12-15 hours a week during term and 40 a week during summer and IAP. I have my name on a poster that was presented at the Society for Neuroscience meeting and on a paper thats being revised for publication in Cell. When I declared biology as my second major, I picked my UROP supervisor to be my biology advisor (if you have two majors, you get two advisors too), and he (apparently) wrote an absolutely stunning letter of recommendation for my graduate school applications. In the first project I worked on in the lab, the experiments were designed almost exclusively by the postdoc with whom I work directly, Albert. I was still learning how to do all the different lab protocols, and since I didnt know how to do most of them, I couldnt very well design my own experiments. Although I wasnt in charge of experimental design for this project, its not like Albert was hanging over my shoulder watching me do the experiments he usually doesnt bother me unless I ask for help. Alberts an MD/PhD, and works one day a week at Massachusetts General Hospital curing the sick, so even when I wasnt designing the experiments I had a lot of freedom and when Alberts not in the lab, I get to take over his desk! The project Ive been working on for the past year is my baby, and Ive done all of the technical work on it. Albert still helps me with experimental design, but I have a strong enough understanding of both the project and the technical options available to me that I have most of the control. Alberts always there to help me if I get confused or hit a dead end. I read all the literature regarding my proteins, and when we meet with Morgan (the professor in charge of our lab), its my job to prepare a short powerpoint presentation and explain our results to him. Albert says that if I finish the project by the time I graduate, I get to write the first draft of and be first author on the paper describing it. In some sort of larger sense, what I work on is constrained by what Morgan finds interesting if I woke up one day and wanted to start a totally new project unrelated to anything Morgans interested in, that probably wouldnt fly. Generally, youll get more freedom as you work longer in the lab and prove your competence to a greater degree, so good luck just walking into the office of a professor youve never worked for and proposing some crazy research project unrelated to their research goals. You dont generally get to do that as an undergrad hell, you dont generally get to do that as a grad student. You might get to do it as a postdoc. This is because science is run by the golden rule: he who has the gold makes the rules. In a proximal sense, the person with the gold is the professor (also called principal investigator or PI; in my case, Morgan) who runs the lab and gets NIH grants; in an ultimate sense, the government is the one with all the gold making all the rules. Science is overwhelmingly funded by grants from government agencies like the NIH, NSF, DOD, or DOE, and the research a given lab does is largely constrained by the optimization of what that lab finds interesting and what their favorite government agency is likely to fund. Until we get more rich friends like Howard Hughes (who started a foundation that lavishly funds the most promising 300 scientists in the US, twelve of whom are at MIT, including Morgan), thats the way things are going to be. This focus on doing research thats likely to be funded leads to what I like to call last sentence syndrome. The last sentence of every labs research description goes something like and this research will lend insight into the process by which [choose one: cells become cancerous, brains get Alzheimers, hearts get heart disease]. This is because the NIH is devoted to funding biomedical research, and likes to see that its buckets of money are being used to find cures. So when they see that last sentence, the NIH is all yayyyy! and the scientist getting the funding is all yayyyy! and the public reads about it in the newspaper and is all yayyyyy! and the people with life-threatening illnesses are all so that cure for my life-threatening illness that you said was going to happen with gene-transfer therapy ten years ago and with stem cells last year did you send that by FedEx? Because I HAVENT GOTTEN IT and maybe FedEx has the wrong address. kthxbye. So the moral of the story is that freedom is relative in science. And that we all need more rich friends. My week, and my weekend. I worked in the lab 30 hours this week. This was, of course, in addition to taking three classes, cheerleading, and answering an absurd number of questions on CC. And fun stuff, like walking home from work with Jessie, eating pizza in Bens office with the other bloggers, interviewing five GRT candidates for my living group, and stopping by Bens office and talking for an hour, resulting in me being late to cook dinner for Adam and Ben writing me an excuse note. So it was a good week, just extraordinarily exhausting. And Adam and I decided we needed to get off-campus and go out to dinner and see a movie. I wanted to see V for Vendetta because Id heard it was a gripping dystopic view of a totalitarian society; Adam wanted to see it because he heard that lots of stuff got blown up. Well, at least we both wanted to see it. We hopped on the T and got off at Kenmore Square, where we ate dinner at the Pizzeria Uno next to Fenway Park. (One of the best things about going to school next to a major city is that its really easy to get off-campus and eat at restaurants and do fun stuff. One of the best things about going to school next to Boston is that there are so many college students in town that you can do those things on a budget.) After that, we went to the movie (which was amazing) at the Fenway AMC, where I had to eat my apple pie from the restaurant with a straw because there were no plastic forks. It actually worked pretty well I slurped up the ice cream, then scooped the pie crust and speared the apples. Necessity is the mother of invention. Again. After the show ended, we hopped back on the T and got back to campus around 11. It was a nice little night on the town. Short answers to questions. 1. Anonymous asked Does anyone know how the proportion of women to men breaks down by department? Ask and ye shall receive. 2. A course 7 prospective wrote I was wondering if you could direct me to an entry that talks about the grad school application process. Im currently a freshie at MIT and was just curious about the grad school application process. My GPA is not looking too hot right now and I was wondering what a typical or range of GPAs would be for admission into a grad school (like the ones that you were admitted into; and congrats very much on ur successes! :)) and how much it matters that you attend a HYPMS/MIT vs. say a state school. (like will they even factor that inthat you went to a school w/ very little grade inflation?) First, heres my entry on grad school admissions. Second, yes, grad schools will most definitely consider the fact that you went to MIT. I had a 4.4(/5.0) when I applied, and I got into more (and better) programs than friends of mine from other schools who had 3.9(/4.0) or 4.0(/4.0) averages. At UC Berkeley, Stanford, and Harvards recruitment weekends, a little over 10% of the prospective students were from MIT. Think about how unlikely that is just from a sheer numbers perspective many, many students from state schools with 4.0s were passed over in favor of the MIT kids with imperfect grades. We have stellar research experience, and thats what graduate schools care about. If you shoot for an overall GPA of between 4.2 and 4.5 at MIT, you should be fine as long as you have plenty of research under your belt. Finally, I will note that your GPA will almost certainly go up from what it is freshman year. First term freshman year, I got a 3.25(/5.0) or would have, if first term werent pass/no record! and second term I got a 4.0/5.0, with a C in 8.02. Ive pulled two straight 4.8s in the last two terms, and now have a solid 4.5.

Elemental Composition of the Human Body by Mass

This is a table of the elemental composition of the human body by mass for a 70 kg (154 lb) person. The values for any particular person may be different, especially for the trace elements. Also, the element composition does not scale linearly. For example, a person who is half the mass may not contain half the amount of a given element. The molar amount of the most abundant elements is given in the table. You may also wish to view the element composition of the human body in terms of mass percent. Reference: Emsley, John, The Elements, 3rd ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998 Table of Elements in the Human Body by Mass oxygen 43 kg (61%, 2700 mol) carbon 16 kg (23%, 1300 mol) hydrogen 7 kg (10%, 6900 mol) nitrogen 1.8 kg (2.5%, 129 mol) calcium 1.0 kg (1.4%, 25 mol) phosphorus 780 g (1.1%, 25 mol) potassium 140 g (0.20%, 3.6 mol) sulfur 140 g (0.20%, 4.4 mol) sodium 100 g (0.14%, 4.3 mol) chlorine 95 g (0.14%, 2.7 mol) magnesium 19 g (0.03%, 0.78 mol) iron 4.2 g fluorine 2.6 g zinc 2.3 g silicon 1.0 g rubidium 0.68 g strontium 0.32 g bromine 0.26 g lead 0.12 g copper 72 mg aluminum 60 mg cadmium 50 mg cerium 40 mg barium 22 mg iodine 20 mg tin 20 mg titanium 20 mg boron 18 mg nickel 15 mg selenium 15 mg chromium 14 mg manganese 12 mg arsenic 7 mg lithium 7 mg cesium 6 mg mercury 6 mg germanium 5 mg molybdenum 5 mg cobalt 3 mg antimony 2 mg silver 2 mg niobium 1.5 mg zirconium 1 mg lanthanum 0.8 mg gallium 0.7 mg tellurium 0.7 mg yttrium 0.6 mg bismuth 0.5 mg thallium 0.5 mg indium 0.4 mg gold 0.2 mg scandium 0.2 mg tantalum 0.2 mg vanadium 0.11 mg thorium 0.1 mg uranium 0.1 mg samarium 50 g beryllium 36 g tungsten 20 g

The Treasury Department s Actions - 806 Words

The Treasury Department’s Actions During the largest recession the United States has seen since the great depression, the Treasury Department sprung into action to stave off another depression. Within a short period of time after the housing bubble burst, financial institutions started to fail. Credit and liquidity virtually vanished within days. The government was forced to react quickly to thwart a complete financial collapse. An estimate from the public interest group Better Markets has calculated the cost of the recession close to $12.8 trillion (Puzzanghera, 2012). This number is criticized since it includes losses in economic output, GDP, and bail-outs, while home equity losses and consumer net wealth are not. This figure does give a good idea of the magnitude of the Treasury Department’s actions. A multitude of industries, and companies received direct financial aid. The government identified key economic areas where policies were needed, and provided credit and liquidity for growth in those are as. The quick response of the Treasury Department helped in reducing the negative effects of the financial crisis. The three economic theories that I identified in this financial crisis consist of classical economics, Keynesian economics, and aggregate market (AS-AD) analysis. There was also a fear of monetarism which has not come to fruition at this time. Economic Theories Classical economics is considered one of the original economic theories. It is based on theShow MoreRelatedThe Division Of Foreign Assets Control773 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Division of Foreign Assets Control was established in the Office of International Finance by a Treasury Department order in 1950, after People s Republic of China entered the Korean War. 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The core mission of the Department of Homeland Security include prevent terrorism and enhancing security, secure and manage our borders, enforce and administer our immigration laws, safeguard and secure cyberspace, ensure resilience to disasters (Department of HomelandRead MoreThe Mission Of The Division Of Taxation951 Words   |  4 PagesDivision s statutory mandates. N.J.A.C. 18.1- 1.1(a). The Division is responsible for the collection of 39 different taxes and fees. The Division audits tax returns and taxpaying entities, processes tax refunds and rebates, takes collection and enforcement actions to secure tax liabilities, investigates tax matters having civil or criminal potential, and provides other tax-related services to the public and tax practitioners. 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High School vs. University Free Essays

Every September, high school graduates must prepare for the drastic transformation from high school to university. High school is a teaching environment which a student acquires facts and skills. University is a learning environment in which a student must take responsibility for thinking and applying what you have learned. We will write a custom essay sample on High School vs. University or any similar topic only for you Order Now This step in life students will either adjust to or struggle with. High school students are told university life is exciting, unpredictable, and entertaining. Also, students are informed university life is costly, demanding, and stressful. In order to adapt to the transition, students must understand and recognize the different teaching styles, testing, and grading. Teaching styles change as class sizes vary. Teachers in High school cover course material in depth and over a long period of time. Professors cover textbook material quickly. High school teachers check homework, remind students of incomplete work, and approach students if assistance is needed. Professors do not check completed homework and will assume students can complete the same tasks on tests. It is left up to the student to communicate with their professors in order to receive extensions ensuring the student will not be penalized. Professors do not approach students or notice students who are struggling. Therefore, students may approach professor in given office hours for one-on-one help. Finally, in university due to large class sizes and minimal lecture time keeping up with assignments and readings is critical. Cramming the night before a test and receiving a good grade is more likely to occur in high school, where testing in subjects is very frequent. Preparation for testing becomes more crucial in university because tests are infrequent, covering large amounts of material. Also, students in high school may be awarded a make up test normally without an explanation. Whereas in university, in order to receive a make up test a reasonable explanation must be given. Review classes are given in high school to help prepare students and give them a clear idea of the material that will be tested. Rarely, are review sessions provided for university students, if they are, professors expect participation from students who attend. Success on tests can be mastered by applying acquired knowledge to new situations or to solve new problems. The grading system becomes very important as students enter university. High school students are used to courses that are usually structured to a â€Å"good-faith effort†. In high school grades are given for most assignments. Students are also given grades for consistently good homework, which may help boost marks when test grades are low. Students who may not have a good overall mark occasionally have the opportunity to complete extra credit projects. Comparing this to university grades on tests and major papers usually provide most of the course grade. Extra credit projects are not normally allowed to raise a grade in a university course. Therefore, the â€Å"good-faith effort† is important in regard to the professor’s willingness to help students achieve good results; it will not substitute for results in the grading process. Adjustment is required for a high school graduate to be successful in university. Before entering university, high school students must be aware of these differences. Therefore, they must know how to adapt to new teaching styles, to successfully prepare themselves for testing, and the changes in grading systems. Recognizing these differences before entering a university can help prepare students for greater success. How to cite High School vs. University, Essay examples

There are many types of software development model Essays

There are many types of software development models with many different uses, pros and cons. This essay will list four different software models and their uses. The first software model is Six Stigma. Six Stigma is known as the perfectionist of the software model world and is used by major companies due to it's high success rate. Six Stigma tends to be very strict on their defect policy and only allows companies to produce 3.4 defects out of every million products. A defect is anything outside of a customer's specification. This has caused Six Stigma to have an extremely thorough policy. Six Stigma has two different routines for two different types of businesses and their necessities. For businesses that already exist and are falling below S.S. standards, there is the D.M.A.I.C. (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) system. And for projects and/or products that haven't launched yet, there is D.M.A.D.V (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify). Though, many people tend to roll their eyes at Six Stigma and say that it is a waste of time and not necessary but most of the time those are people that don't know how to correctly use it. Though, this hasn't stopped Six Stigma from having Black Belt employees that save approximately $230,000 per project and can complete 4 to 6 projects in a year. In fact, General Electric, a large company that uses Six Stigma has estimated benefits on the order of $10 billion during the first five years of implementations. The second software model to discuss is Waterfall. Waterfall is a sequential design process. Process is seen as flowing steadily downwards and through conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, production, and maintenance. About 20-40% of time is dedicated to the first two phases and 30-40% is dedicated to coding. The rest is dedicated to testing and production. Waterfall was originally specifically for manufacturing and construction but the cases progressively got more costly and harder to fix, causing them to swap to a more office software' field. Waterfall is a bit more aged than the rest. When Waterfall first launched, there was no real formal software developments that existed yet. Waterfall actually converted into software modeling. The Third software model would be Scrum. Scrum is often perceived as methodology but is more of a framework for the management process. Scrum is all about teamwork and believe that there should be no dictating leader of a group. For instance, when a new project is made or launched, many decisions are left up to the scrum software team because they are trained to solve problems. Scrum heavily relies on a strong, independent, self-organizing, cross-functional team of software designers. Cross-functional as in the fact that without the help of every team-mate, they wouldn't be able to turn a feature into an implementation. Agile is our last software model and it is mostly known to be paired with Scrum. Agile is a set of Values and principles for software development which are constantly evolving as technology changes. Agile is very big on accepting change and adapting to new advances in the technological world, plus, a rapid response to it. Agile truly and heavily believes in face-to-face communication with customers and workers as well.