Netw360 Lab Week 2

Week 2 Lab Report 1. Read through the lab instructions before executing the lab steps and creating the reports. 2. Follow all procedures in the lab instructions for the items you will need to include in your report. 3. After executing all steps contained in the lab instructions, submit a one Word document for each project containing your report to the Dropbox. Create your reports using the template starting on page 2 and submit it to the Week 2 Dropbox by the due date. Have fun while learning! Thanks Your NameJeret BurnettNETW360, Professor’s Name Mario  Kosseifi Current Date July 15, 2012 Lab #2 Part 1, Antennas Lab Report Case Project 3-1 Antenna Type Using the internet and other resources, research the different types of antennas that are included under the three main categories: omni-directional, semi-directional, and highly-directional. Draw or print an example of each type and summarize when it is used, what is its maximum transmission distance, and it’s advanta ges and disadvantages. Omni-Directional [pic] When it is used?This antenna can be used for indoor and outdoor access points. It is an excellent solution for RV parks, Marinas, Resort Wi-Fi, and other general outdoor area where other wireless access is needed but unable to be achieved by the small antennas on a router. What is its maximum transmission distance? The range of this antenna is 3000 feet. However, a longer rage is possible with additional antennas on the receiving end. Advantages and disadvantages? The main advantage to this antenna is that you can receive wireless signal in areas that were not available before.Everyone has heard of internet â€Å"Cafes†, but with this antenna you could make an internet â€Å"Cafe† literally in the middle of a campground. The disadvantage is that trees, building and hills can reduce the signal and in somecases can completely stop the signal from getting through. Also, to get this antenna high enough to cover some areas the l ength of the coax cable will reduce the signal; thus making the antenna less effective. Semi-Directional [pic] When it is used? Semi-directional antennas are ideally suited for short and medium range bridging.If you want to connect two office buildings that are across the street from one another and need to share a network connection semi-directional would be a good choice. Or if you have a long narrow room where you need coverage throughout the whole room you can mount the antenna on an end wall. This is because the side-to side signal will not travel as far but the forward signal will travel quite far. What is its maximum transmission distance? Semi-directional range can vary greatly but is commonly used in situations that call for a range of a few hundred feet to two miles.Advantages and disadvantages? The main advantage of a semi-directional antenna is that in some cases a semi-directional antenna can provide such a long range coverage that they eliminate the need for multiple a ccess points. The main disadvantage is that if you need coverage over a large open area, such as a cubical office where the entire floor is open, a semi-directional antenna would not be the best choice because not every computer will receive coverage. Highly-Directional [pic] When it is used?It’s main usage is for point-to-point communication links where wired or other directional wireless coverage is not possible. What is its maximum transmission distance? Highly-directional antennas can operate at a range of up to 35 miles. Advantages and disadvantages? The main advantage is if you need to transmit wireless signal over a very long range without the signal going all over. Such as a person that is quite wealthy, they may have their own private island and want internet connectivity, but does not want to go with satellite internet and wired connectivity is out of the question.Another advantage is that if you are located in a building where wireless signal is very hard to get, a highly-directional signal may be the answer because since it is so focused in such a small narrow margin it may be able to basically blast through the wall. The main disadvantage is that the dish antenna is subject to damage from weather, especially if not mounted correctly. Highly directional antennas, for the most part, require a clear line-of-sight between ends. Your NameJeret Burnett NETW360, Professor’s Name Mario  Kosseifi Current Date July 15, 2012 Lab #2 Part 2, RF Behavior Lab ReportDetermining the behavior of an RF signal can be an aid when troubleshooting a WLAN that does not function properly. In this project you will use several online calculators to computer the RF behavior. 4. 30dBm 7. 8. 4 11. -81. 538 19. -5. 474469367710745 |Name |Power Output | |Cell Phone |. 6 W | |Cordless phone |10 mW | |Garage Door Opener |100 W |

The Importance of Personal Responsibility

The Importance of Personal Responsibility GEN/200 As an adult you are responsible for every action that you take, but before that action are a series of thoughts that lead you to taking that action. Your personal responsibility starts at a young age, you are either taught personal responsibility as you grow into an adult by being held accountable of your own actions or the responsibility is taken from you. Depending on how you were brought up your transition into becoming an adult can either be an easy one or a difficult one where everyone is to blame but yourself.As an adult the one thing that you know is a constant is that you will be held accountable for your actions whether you like it or not. Holding yourself accountable and having self discipline has a lot to do with personal responsibility in my opinion. When you hold yourself accountable for your actions, your thoughts, your intentions†¦ you are making a conscious effort to be a responsible person. Every action starts wi th a thought, whether it’s a good thought or a bad thought will determine the outcome of that action.For example when you wake up in the morning and the first thought that comes to mind is that you will have a bad day, whether you know it or not you are subconsciously going to make it a bad day. Personal responsibility starts with holding yourself accountable, if you stopped that thought when it happened and told yourself that today will be a good day you have already turned the outcome around. By holding yourself accountable you are in control, you are not aimlessly going through life reacting to what happens to you.Self discipline goes hand in hand with holding yourself accountable, by having self discipline you are able to make sure that you are staying on track and checking up on yourself regularly. Having self discipline will go a long way in making sure you make it to your intended destination. Take flight paths for example, when you fly somewhere they generally show yo u the path that they will take. It is impossible to stay exactly on that line since you are in the air constantly battling the changes circumstances around you, air pockets, up drafts, down drafts, adverse weather, etc. The ilots are disciplined enough to make necessary adjustments to stay on track on make it to their destination on time. This holds true in life by having the self discipline to make adjustments where need be to hold yourself accountable to what is happening around you. Sometimes life throws you a curve ball and having the characteristics of personal responsibility you will be able to adjust and continue on. Personal responsibility is incredibly important, by making sure that you are aware of what is happening and holding yourself responsible for the outcome of your actions you will go a long way.Everybody knows someone who always has an excuse for why something didn’t happen the way that they wanted it to, they know just who or what to blame. They will active ly look for something or someone to blame to avoid facing the fact that they may have done something wrong to have the outcome that received. That person generally hasn’t changed very much from the person they were in high school both personally and professionally. By holding yourself responsible you are more aware of what is happening, you can review your actions and determine what adjustments need to be made.Some of the most successful people in life are the most critical of themselves, whether it’s a professional athlete studying game tapes before a game or a college student doing the necessary research before giving a presentation. Personal responsibility can help you achieve your goals in your college degree in stride. By using your personal responsibility you would make the time to read ahead on your class syllabus to make sure that you are missing any large assignments that are coming up.As an adult learner putting together a plan to help practice personal respo nsibility is a key component to your success. With the economy in its present state many students require a full time job to be able to go to school, scheduling enough time to study and finish your assignments without impeding on your work schedule will help. Taking a look into your class and what is required when you start a new class will help you plan and schedule your time, having that plan in place will make it a lot easier to hold yourself accountable to complete each block.Having a written plan, specific goals with set timelines, and a vision will help you succeed in making sure that you accomplish what you set out. Ultimately personal responsibility will make your tenure in college a lot easier, it will also become second nature as you enter the professional world. Whether you are entering your first career or going back to school to pursue a new career having personal responsibility will take you far in life. If you were to interview the most successful people in the world I can almost guarantee that being personally responsible will be a key component to their success.

Declaration of Independence

Perhaps there is no other man in our history who has stressed the importance of the Declaration of Independence to our society except the former US President Abraham Lincoln. In his Gettysburg Address of 1863 he explained, â€Å"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. † Thomas Jefferson between June 11 and June 28, 1776 drafted the Declaration of Independence declaring that the union with Great Britain should be dissolved. It was finally adopted on July 4, 1776. After years of colonial rule, the Thirteen Colonies declared that they were independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain. It is considered as a manifestation of our country’s yearning for freedom and our country’s most cherished symbol of liberty. The Declaration of Independence is divided into five parts: a) Introduction; b) Preamble; c) Indictment of George III, d) the Denunciation of the British People and e) the Conclusion. (â€Å"The United States Declaration of Independence†) The Introductory part basically declares that the Laws of Nature have given each and everyone of us the power to assume political independence. What is important however is that the basis for such independence must be reasonable. The Preambles declares that all men are created equal. In view of this equality, the government has no authority to violate the rights and dignity of every man. In case this happens, then revolution for violation of human rights becomes justified. The Indictment enumerates the countless violations and transgressions of human rights committed by the British Government against the Americans. The Denunciation declares that the American people have constantly pleaded for justice and magnanimity of the British government. No action however, was extended. As a result, revolution and declaration of independence is justified. II. The United States Constitution The Articles of Confederation was once the supreme law of the land for the United States Government. It was submitted for ratification on November 17, 1977 and was finally ratified on March 1, 1781. The Articles of Confederation was created during the American Revolutionary War. During those times, the different states were more concerned with the over-concentration of power in the national government and the possible abuse that may result. It is because of this reason that less authority was given to the national government. Further, the Articles of Confederation was considered very weak. Among its weaknesses are: a) the Congress could only request the states to pay taxes instead of levying taxes; b) there was no system of federal courts; c) the powers of the president are weak being limited to presiding over the sessions of Congress; d) there was no system of controlling trade between and among states. (Greg D. Feldmeth, 1998) In view however of the dissatisfaction by the people on some of the provisions of the Articles of Confederation, the Constitutional Convention was created for the purpose of proposing amendments to the Articles of Confederation. The members of the Constitutional Convention prepared the draft of the United States Constitution in Pennsylvania. It was then adopted in 1787 and took effect in 1789. Among the members of the Constitutional Convention who helped in preparing the draft are James Madison, George Washington and Benjamin Franklin. If the Declaration of Independence was written for the purpose of declaring our liberty, the United States Constitution was ratified for the purpose of establishing the government of the United States. It sought to inform the people of the extent of the powers of the government while at the same time limiting these governmental powers. It also sought to establish a formal structure of government by dividing the powers of government into three: the power to make the law; the power to execute the law and the power to interpret the law. These three main powers of government were divided into three branches: a) the executive branch; b) the legislative branch and the judicial branch.

Compare and contrast the cultural expectations for women in Kincaids Essay

Compare and contrast the cultural expectations for women in Kincaids Girl and Faulkners A Rose for Emily - Essay Example tips from the trivial things (â€Å"Don’t walk barehead in the hot sun.† ) to the practical (â€Å"This is how you grow okra---far from the house, because okra tree harbors red ants.†) to the profound (â€Å"This is how to love a man, and if this doesn’t work there are other ways, and if they don’t work don’t feel too bad about giving up.†). The mood of the text is that of a sermon delivered to an unwilling audience. The narrator’s active oration is like a burst of thoughts and emotions that have long struggled to break free, like a tidal wave finally let out. Its maniacal pace seems as if the narrator does not have enough time to elaborate on each tip. It captivates the reader to keep reading, as if to hungrily devour tiny bits of appetizers without actually feeling full. One gets a taste of a chunk of wisdom, and before the reader even gets to swallow it, another is on the way. Its sarcasm at the redundant accusation that the girl is â€Å"bent on becoming a slut† loses its sting, as a barrage of information gets thrown at her. Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short story that holds the readers’ attention despite the fact that it tells of a rather boring tale of a woman who lives in a small town. The narrator effectively describes the characters in such a way that the readers clearly visualize them in their minds’ eye. It is about Emily, a white girl from an aristocratic family in the south, the Griersons. It chronicles Emily’s life from her girlhood, when her parents selfishly prohibit her from dating men, as it seems all men were beneath them. â€Å"the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were. None of the young men were quite good for Miss Emily and such.† Being so, Miss Emily has grown to believe that she occupies a special position in society, even to her old age when she refused to pay her taxes, having been privileged by a former Mayor who owed the Griersons favors. The narrator depicted a

Activity 6_16 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Activity 6_16 - Coursework Example This paper evaluates different programs and their success in reducing unsafe conditions and acts. The first technique is promulgating and enforcing safety standards to reduce the hazards. This seeks to enhance safer working conditions for the workers. Most researchers recognize that a well-designed safety program with proper management can help reduce accidents and resultant costs. Ideally, safety concerns decline once an organization adopts an operative safety management system. The safety management programs involve training and motivation of employees through incentives, inspection and investigation of accidents, reinforcement of safe behavior, as well as safety committees (Verney, 2004). This defines a bottom-up approach that is worker-friendly and ensures effective involvement of all stakeholders to enhance organizational safety. The second technique relates to the use of personal protective equipment while working within an organization. Ideally, workers come across different hazards that may include toxic chemicals, sharp objects, machines, polluted air, and radiations that lead to long-term adverse effects. As such, it is important for all workers to put on personal protective equipment. This is for the safety of the workers, their families, and the working environment. Use of personal protective equipment also enhances workers’ motivation since they reduce the risk of contracting any potential infection (LaMontagne, Oakes, & Lopez Turley, 2004). Such employees develop the courage to carry out their responsibility without fear of unknown hazards. The third technique relates to hazard communication that offers relevant information to all workers in an organization. This is significant since it helps workers to beware of potential hazard so that they can be cautious. Communication is important in health and safety management

Joint venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Joint venture - Essay Example One of the biggest advantages of joint venture is that it saves time. It takes a company a lot of time and effort to develop the knowledge base required to expand into the industry, be able to develop and introduce new products in the market, and improve efficiency and productivity in business. Joint ventures provide companies with the opportunity to share expertise, obtain lead time, and minimize the cost that is otherwise incurred because of lack of experience and expertise. Another very important and rewarding feature of joint venture is that it promises good quality. Understandably, when one firm has to make a product, some features of the product that the firm is capable of producing would be of good quality while the quality of other features might be compromised. Since the different companies joining hands to form a joint venture are experts in their respective fields, products made in a joint venture are of very good

What the Community Says Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What the Community Says - Assignment Example In the research paper, there is no clearly stated aim, but there is an explanation of public relevance of the strategy. The title of the research paper shows that health promotion is a strategy through which quality of health can be improved. It has a section that describes how health promotion is achieved. This is through an international network. A database was formed to assess health promotion activities. This shows the method used to get data, but it has no clearly defined aim, data collection and data analysis method. The research paper has the following as findings: that the health promotion projects are strongly oriented to the staff and patients, but do not address underlying cultural and structural problems (Groene & Jorgensen, 2005). This research paper has no clearly stated aim, methodology, design, and data collection and analysis method. It has however described the importance of the research findings to the community and the health care industry, and has described its findings. It is through the findings that the aim of the research can be obtained. The methodology, data collection and data analysis methods used can only be obtained by reading through specific topics within it. It should have described all these appropriately. The research topic shows that it is dealing with hospitals and not individuals requiring some ethical approval. It has however, not stated this (Groene & Jorgensen,

Compare professional and non-professional correspondence Essay

Compare professional and non-professional correspondence - Essay Example One ought to speak slowly and clear in order for the listener to understand. Most importantly, one should use proper language and tone when addressing any person officially. One should e-mail a sergeant or sheriff in the formal way of writing a mail. This is because it is an official e-mail. Moreover, it should appear in the manner one writes a formal letter (Berlo, 2006). Therefore, there should be an address to the sergeant and the tone needs to be formal. Additionally, a sergeant or sheriff is a figure of authority and deserves the same level of communication as a sign of respect. Arguably, judicial communication is very formal. Therefore, when an individual meets a judge along the courthouse hallway, he or she is to take a bow. Additionally, one should address him or her as â€Å"your honor.† This is because it is the title given to the judge within the courtrooms. Moreover, judges differ and failure to bow could lead one to be in contempt of face. However, this depends on the judge. As a result, one needs to be on the safer

Interdiscipnilary topic - select 3 disciplines and connect them Research Paper

Interdiscipnilary topic - select 3 disciplines and connect them somehow to the political theory of John Rawls - Research Paper Example Various disciplines can for example be used in teaching, in scientific research, in management and so on. Philosophy for example, can be used to develop theories, to which science can then be used to prove the theories. These subjects are interrelated in one way or the other, and they are normally used together to solve specific problems or develop new ideas. While the main focus is on the interdisciplinary nature of three disciplines, biological, philosophical, and educational disciplines, the paper explains the political theory as postulated by John Rawls, and also explains the meaning of interdisciplinary. Brief descriptions of the three disciplines are given, then a detailed explanation of how they are interlinked given using one research study. It is important to explain John Rawls political theory to enhance the concept in which the research is based. Rawls theory explains how a democratic society still manages to set up an economy and run normally. In a democratic society, people have different worldviews. The people have different opinions about certain laws, they have different religious beliefs, they have different conceptions about what is ethically correct or not, they have different values and forms of interpersonal relations. Because of these differences, people will have different devotions, making it hard for them to be loyal to one law. As Rawls explains however, in a society, not everyone can have his way. There has to be a common law that guides the behaviour of everyone. For example, there have to be common laws defining what is ethically right and wrong. People have to recognize that they live in a society, making it difficult to act according to the diverse values, beliefs, and practices. It is explained in this theory that the society still manages to be stable because of the people’s ability to employ public reason to make decisions. Public reason makes them

Scavenger Hunt Worksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scavenger Hunt Worksheet - Essay Example 1. Datamonitor Business Information Center provides detailed coverage of companies, industries, and countries. Included are over 10,000 country profiles, over 2000 industry profiles, and over 50 country profiles. 2. Investext Plus provides complete images in PDF format of analysts’ reports on a variety of industries and publicly traded companies. The reports found in Investext Plus can be used for access to detailed information about earnings, growth, market share, and other aspects of company and industry performance. 3. EIU ® Viewswire ® provides current coverage of political and economic trends in 195 countries. Risk analysis and economic forecasts are provided for virtually all nations. This resource is recommended for courses in economics and international business. 4. Business Insights, formerly known as Reuters Business Insight offers in-depth research reports regarding industries, marketing, and technologies. This database is recommended for courses in business and technology management. 1. Did you know that the University of Phoenix Library has librarians available to help you with your Master’s Level research? An electronic form sends the librarian a request on a topic, a journal, or any other library resource. Our Ask a Librarian service is your pathway to obtaining professional guidance and recommendations regarding your research. For those challenging topics, ask a librarian for his or her professional research assistance. 2. The Center for Writing Excellence is another fabulous tool made available to you by the University of Phoenix. Not only can you submit a paper to the grammar checker and get a corrected paper back within minutes, but you can also check your paper automatically for plagiarism to make sure you cited all of your research correctly. Along with these valuable reviewing tools are several tutorials and guides to assist you in producing the finest work possible.

Philosophy Midterm Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Midterm Essay Principle of non- indefinite Regression everything has an end (Teleoloqy) Nemo dat quod non habet nobody can give what it does not possess nature is never frustrated intellect is destined to know tota anima in toto corpore the whole soul is in the whole body ex entre non fit ens nothing becomes what is already is the effect cannot be greater than the cause nothing is in the intellect which does not pass through the senses the separated soul can no longer use abstract concepts to remember or to reason Midieval Philosophy. The problem on which philosophy became stranded (the existence and nature of God and his relationship with the world. ) The spirituality and immortality of the soul, the notion of the obligation and of moral sanction are given clear responses in Christian revelation. The problems of reconciling these two sources arouse (faith and reason). Some of these men are: 1. St. Augustine he wrote about 232 books in which are contained Philosophical definitions which testify to the depth and universality of his genius. his philosophy are more or less adhered to that of Plato which, to him, seemed the most suitable for Christianity. Fundamental Principles The Divine Truth is the unique and perfect cost which is immediately explicative of all beings in its different modalities of nature and of action. Augustine establishes the existence of God, the source of all truth, through philosophical truths. 2. St Anselm and Peter Abelard For St. Anselm: Famous Formula: Credo ut intellicam: I believe that I may have a full understanding. God means the most perfect being that can be thought of. Therefore, God must exist, otherwise he would not be the most perfect conceivable being. For Peter Abelard: Abelard was a brilliant master of dialectics and ethics. He stress fully the value of human reason in investigating the divine or revealed truth. 3. St. Albert the Great Albert began Aristotles Christianization. Albert performed a twofold function of revealing the greatness of Aristotle. 4. St. Thomas Aquinas Thomistic philosophy (Thomism) is fundamentally, the philosophy of good sense. It is both Universal and Catholic. Lacordaire stated that Thomas was a lighthouse and not a milestone. He acheived the title of Angelic Doctor and named as Guide of Students. In him, there is not found thelhowght of man alone but the voice of the truth common to all men, and the most beautiful reflection of the Uncreated Light of the word God, who enlightens every man coming into this world. Five ways to prove the existence of God: 1. Argument of Motion God is the Prime Mover. 2. Argument from Efficient Causes God is the uncaused cause. 3. Argument from Possibility and Necessity (Reductio Argument) God is the alpha and omega. 4. Argument of Gradation of Being God as the supreme being. 5. Argument of Design God designed everything. MODERN PHILOSOPHY. Modern thinkers want to use pure reason in their investigations. Between there is an intercovering period called RENAISSANCE (16th C. ) This period was marked by the rise of many philosophers each claiming to by the right philosophy (individualism). This was critisim among philosophers. Renaissance brought top light a new science and also renewed interest in the arts and letters. In the 17th century, the philosophical field was almost free and this fact explains tge rapid advance of ideas of FRANCIS BACON and of Rene Descartes, the initiators of Modern Philosophy. FRANCIS BACON father of modern philosophy (empiricists). Empiricists rely on scientific method to determine the truth. He employed the inductive method. He rejects the deduction and syllogistoc reasoning as an unscientific method and affirms induction as the only useful instrument for the philosophers. RENE DESCSRTES another father of modern philosiphy (rationalist). Rationalists use reason to determine the truth. He tries to establish a method for philosophers to discover the truth. Four Stages: 1. Adoption of Universal Doubt. Doubt about everything. 2. Cogbito erg Sum Cannot doubt self existence. 3. Clear Ideas of d Supreme Interior Thinking must be certain. 4. Establishment of Rules of the Universal Method Four rules of universal method necessary in construction a universal science. IMMANUEL KANT an empiricists. He accepts that human reason cannot know reality because it is NOUMENON. Kant abandons empiricism in favor of rationalism. Philosophy and ethics is the central part of his philosophy. He also believes in the Categorical Imperitive. CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY. It is believed that contemporary philosophy appeared as a direct, indirect or concomitant reaction against idealism. Important Philosiphical Systems in the Contemporary Age: 1. Voluntarism If theres a will, theres a way. 2. Radical Christian Fideism To acheive faith 3. Institution There are certain things that are vital to the society. 4. Phenomenology Dwell on certain processes to arrive at a reality. 5. Extentialism pose many reflections sysipus means existential philosophy 6. Materialism 7. Positivism 8. Structuralism SOREN KIERKEGARD an existentialist. He believed in the leap of faith. The authentic existing individual is a Christiana. FRIEDRICH NEITZCHE an atheists. Neitzches philosophy is born out the will to live. The religious ideal is unacceptable because God is dead. Gods death gives way to rise of the Superman who is not subject to the ordinary laws of morality because he creates his own values. He says atheism is the only alternative to the death of God. EDMUND HUSSERL father of phenomenology. Three steps of the phenomenology method: 1. Epoche 2. Eidetic Reduction 3. Transcendental Reduction Eidos is the center of being in everything.

Map of the occupied Germany Essay Example for Free

Map of the occupied Germany Essay The map presented above has been reproduced from Wikimedia Commons. It shows the four zones which were occupied by Great Britain, France, the United States, and the USSR. It also shows the location of Berlin well inside the Russian zone. The inset shows how the city of Berlin was divided among the four occupiers. Just by looking at the geographical location of Berlin, one could immediately see that the carriers of supplies (like food, medicine, and fuel) which were coming from the western zone and meant for the residents of the western sectors of Berlin had to traverse through a significant portion of the Russian zone before they could reach their destination. The Berlin Blockade, therefore, threatened the very survival of the Berliners who were living in the western sectors. This was realized by Stalin who exploited the situation in order to exert pressure on the western powers into renegotiating the German problem. This was what worried Governor Clay. He was well aware that the 2. 5 million residents of the western sectors could not survive longer than five weeks without new shipments of supplies. The blockade first surprised then confused the officials of the western powers. British foreign minister Bevin declared that despite the blockade, they should go forward with the plan of creating a West German state. Military Governor Clay recommended the use of an armored convoy to transport supplies through the Russian zone. However, his recommendation was turned down for fear that it would provoke a war with the USSR. In the end, the suggestion of Bevin to airlift the supplies was favored (Wilde). The planes carrying the supplies would fly over the Russian zone using the three air corridors which were opened under an agreement with the Russians after the war. These were: the â€Å"Frankfurt/Main-Berlin air corridor, the Hannover/Bueckeburg-Berlin air corridor, and the Hamburg-Berlin air corridor† (Berlin Information Group). On July 2, 1948, British Lt. General Brian K. Robertson conferred with the leaders of the United States and France after which he demanded the lifting of the Berlin Blockade. However, on July 14, the USSR responded by saying that the United States, Great Britain, and France had lost their right to stay in Berlin. The Russian response also justified the blockade by stating that its objective was the protection of the â€Å"economy of the [S]oviet zone. † According to the Russians, the creation of a West German state and the issuance of a new currency violated the agreements of the â€Å"Big Four† with regards the occupation of Germany. Hence, by violating the agreement, Russians claimed that the United States, Great Britain, and France effectively rendered their right to take part in the occupation and administration of Berlin null and void. The Russians also emphasized that since Berlin was located inside the Russian zone, all of Berlin (including the western sectors) belonged to the Russian zone. The western powers reacted to the Russian allegations during a meeting among the delegations of the United States, Great Britain, and France which started on July 15. Their joint response stated that â€Å"Threats, pressure or other actions† could not pressure them into leaving Berlin. On July 17, William J. (Wild Bill) Donovan, a former Major General who was the director of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during the war, declared that â€Å"The place to make a stand against Russia is right here in Berlin. This is not a Cold War. It is Hot as Hell† (The Berlin Airlift Veterans Association).

Theories And Principles For Enabling Learning

Theories And Principles For Enabling Learning Critically examine a range of theoretical approaches to learning and communication. Discuss how the learning and communication theories apply to your own teaching and promote inclusive practice. There are four main theoretical approaches to learning these being Behaviourism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, and Humanism and most learning theories tend to fall into one of these paradigms. Behaviourism in principle refuses to acknowledge the internal mechanism of learners. Founded in 1849 by I.P. Pavlov and further models developed by Dr John Watson, E.J. Thorndike and B.F Skinner, they believed that people learn through external stimuli and have no free though of their own. Learners can be conditioned by external stimuli and all behaviour can be explained without considering the consciousness or mental state of the learner. Their theories were centred on cause and effect, reward and punishment of the learner. Learners were passive and would respond to reinforcement and environmental stimulus. This theory of teaching has a very regimental approach to learning and development. Behaviourism is still employed today in many learning arenas and it is the authors view that one of the greatest employers of this approach is the military, in the training of its new recruits. The recruits are taught through repetitiveness, rewarded through praise, acceptance and freedom and punished by ridicule, increased workload, rejection and loss of freedoms. The two first pioneers of behaviourism Vladimir M. Bekhterev (1857 to 1927) and I.P. Pavlov (1849 to 1936) both studied at the military academy in St Petersburg (C. Boeree. 2000, Online). It was here where they first formulated their behaviourist ideology. Other learning institutions still employ this approach if only in part and indeed its theories play a major role in most childrens development both at home and school. It is a useful technique in controlling younger childrens behaviour and learning them right from wrong (punishing the bad and rewarding the good. Stone Nielson (1982, p.291) make reference to the behaviourist approach in child development, General findings suggest that a careful combination of reward with mild punishment when appropriate is most effective for learning. However most of us havent the skill to provide the optimum combination. The above refers to the lack of competence in acting out the model. Teachers or parents should be objective in their delivery of punishment. Objects like anger, retaliation, stress and any other external forces should not have any influence on the punishment given. The author believes that this is can be a major downfall of the behaviourist approach it is very difficult for teachers or parents to have a constant clear state of mind. Punishment can also have adverse affects on the person being punished it can lead to anger, retaliation, and strained teacher learner relationships, thus hindering the learning process. Punishments should be made clear from the outset, be fit for purpose and be given uniformly. I myself adopt a slight behaviourist approach in my Further education classes (mainly younger students). If a student is constantly late i.e. more than twice in a row (without good reason) or being disruptive in a class I will refuse to sign their E.M.A sheet as a form of punishmen t. I constantly use reward in the form of praise (I believe this to be a key motivator for students), however reward can have negative effects on learning in that students may only perform enough to gain reward and not to their ability. Although it is the authors belief that this approach works in some instances for younger students it is not has affective for adult learners and as such is not employed by the author on Higher Education courses. It is also the belief of the author that students are not passive. Most teachers in the UK have behaviourist approaches enforced onto them having to write/meet objectives and learning outcomes, Behavioural objectives were written descriptions of specific, terminal behaviours that were manifested in terms of observable, measurable behaviour. (Saettler, 1990, Online). In the construction management sector we have practical sessions that lend themselves more to behaviourism for example the use of surveying equipment, learning is gained through repetitiveness and familiarisation. Good development is rewarded with a pass; poor development is punished by the removal of reward which is replaced with further instruction. Objectives follow Gain and Briggs model for writing objectives (Saettler, 1990, Online) Gains and Briggs Model: Action Object Situation Tools and Constraints Capability This was a method employed by other staff at the college and was passed onto myself and until this now I had no knowledge that this was a behaviourist approach adopted by the department. The way in which the education system is funded and managed in the UK means constraints are placed on the educational establishments themselves. All the objectives for courses have to be met within a given time frame, thus employing the behaviourist approach. Cognitivism replaced behaviourism as the domineering ideology in the 1960s. Unlike behaviourism that basis itself on environmental stimuli, cognitivism focuses on the inner workings of the mind, mental activities the black box. In other words they were concerned with cognition the act or process of knowing. Information coming in gets processed and then gives certain outcomes. The cognitive learning theory claims that learning is a relatively permanent change in their mental picture, due to an experience that occurs by adding new information into an existing understanding in the mind. While cognitivists allow for the use of skill and drill exercises in the memorisation of facts, formulae, and lists they place greater importance on strategies that help students actively assimilate and accommodate new material. (Graduate Student Instructor, 2009, Online). Cognitivism and constructivism are very much alike and were founded on cognitive principles. However, constructivism places much more emphasis on the social context and culture. Constructivists see teachers has being the providers of tools to aid the students learning (Overview of Constructivism, 2010, Online) Jean Piagets studies in learning development had considerable influence on cognitivism, specifically the notion drawn from Gestalt theory, that knowledge is organised and structured. It is a view that for learning to occur it must be incorporated within existing memories and that the new experience and prior knowledge must overlap. Cognivitists believe that this happens in two ways. Assimilation, were the mind takes new learnt information and applies this to what it already knows. Secondly, accommodation is where preconceived ideas are adjusted to suit new information. Piaget called these parcels of memory in our brain Schemas. He (Piaget) was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development. His contributions include a theory of cognitive development, detailed observational studies of cognition in children, and tests to reveal different cognitive abilities (McLeod, 2007, Online). Of importance, especially to the theorist to human learning is Piagets emphasis on four distinct stages of four cognitive developments, each categorised by different forms of thought at different stages. This model has come under criticism because of the lack of flexibility of the ages appointed to each stage of development. It has limited use in adult education. Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) was a Russian psychologist who developed his theories around the same time as Piaget. Vygotsky died age of 38 while his theories were still in infancy. However, the fundamental difference between Vygotsky and Piaget is that Vygotsky believed that learning was not guided by age but by social influences. Two significant models of Vygotsky are the more knowledgeable other was learning is facilitated through someone who has a better understanding. This could either be a teacher, adult or peer. Secondly the zone of proximal development this is intern linked with the first has it states someone will learn more with initial guidance and encouragement. It was this from his ideology that Social Constructivism was born (Overview of Constructivism, 2010, Online). The Gestalt moment or getting the knack of something probably best describes cognitivsm. An ability to suddenly to be able to ride a bike is a good analogy. The learning happens in a few moments, and is permanent-although it may have taken a long time to get to that step with seemingly little progress (Atherton, 2005, Online). I would appear to have adopted a cognitive constructivism style in my teaching. Firstly I obtain the students prior knowledge in the subject matter through questioning and then build on their knowledge. Secondly, I give an example that the whole class works through. Once I am satisfied have worked through the example correctly, a second example will be given for the learners to do individually or with support from their peers. If they approach me for help I will not give the answer but try to guide them to it using their own thought process. This is probably because that is how I like to approach problems and feel that this gives me a better understanding so that I can then retrieve and apply it to similar problems. This represents some correlation to Vygotsky four classroom principles (Overview of Constructivism, 2010, Online). Humanist ideology gained moment in the 1960s; two of its most prominent founders were Abraham Maslow (1908 1970), Carl Rodgers (1902 1987). In principle humanistic theory of learning is based on a humans personal act to fulfil their potential. It recognises the freedom and potential of humans and sees the teachers role as being one of facilitator. Learning is student centred with the focus placed on developing self actualised people through cooperation and support. Maslow developed his Hierarchy of Needs in 1943. This motivational theory is based on a five tear model. For humans to meet their full potential they must meet all the requirements of the model Carl Rogers developed is humanistic teaching theory facilitative learning. The basic principles of the ideology are that learning will take place through facilitation in a comfortable atmosphere. Other key features are: (L. Dunn, 2000, Online) A belief that human beings have a natural eagerness to learn. There is some resistance to, and unpleasant consequences of, giving up what is currently held to be true. The most significant learning involves changing ones concept of oneself. Facilitative teachers are: Less protective of their constructs and beliefs than other teachers. More able to listen to learners, especially to their feelings. Inclined to pay as much attention to their relationship with learners as to the content of the course. Apt to accept feedback, both positive and negative and to use it as constructive insight into themselves and their behaviour. Learners: Are encouraged to take responsibility for their learning. Provide much of the input for the learning which occurs through their insights and experiences. Are encouraged to consider that the most valuable evaluation is self-evaluation and that learning needs to focus on factors that contribute to solving significant problems or achieving significant results. One model of teaching that has been developed on the principles of humanism is Experiential Learning this was produced by David Kolb. Kolb believes that learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience (Learning Theories, 2009, Online). It is based on four principles. (Learning Theories, 2009, Online). The four stage model shows how experience is developed through reflection, reflection to concepts, concepts to testing (experimentation) and testing to experience. I believe this model to be beneficial to some areas of teaching especially Andragogy and practical application for various professions. The humanistic approach to teaching certainly has its place within the academic arena drawing on students knowledge and experience, encouraging learners to take some responsibility for their learning, self reflection, motivation and facilitating are all key concepts that (in the authors view) should be employed in the classroom. Deep and surface learning refers to ways in which individuals learn from studying. The two approaches do not mean that students fall into neither one category nor the other, in fact either approach maybe used at any given time. Surface learning applies to the memorisation of facts and formulas. This can be selected from the learners memory and used when required. Deep learning applies to the ability to understand the whole picture and reasons behind the facts and formulas and then apply them to understanding. (Engineering Subject Centre, 2009, Online). It can be concluded in the authors view that this application bears the traits of cognitivism.

The Changeable Nature of Life in The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver E

The Changeable Nature of Life in The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver Life is constantly changing, like clouds in the sky; always shifting and turning. People never really know which way life will turn next, bringing them fortune or failure. When you look at how things change it is best to compare it to something that you can relate it to. The changeable nature of life can be related to the novel 'The Bean Trees.' This is a book written almost entirely on dealing with changes in the characters lives. The Changeable nature of life affects us all somehow. Whether it be moving to a new city, having children, or losing people that we love, it can affect people in many different ways. For example, in the novel, the main character Taylor Greer changes her name from Marietta and moves...

BRIGADIER GENERAL CHARLES W. SWEENEY :: essays research papers

BRIGADIER GENERAL CHARLES W. SWEENEY Retired Dec. 27, 1979 Brigadier General Charles W. Sweeney was born in Lowell, Mass., in 1919. He graduated from North Quincy High School (Mass.) in 1937. After graduating from high school, he attended evening classes at Boston University and also at Purdue University. Charles Sweeney joined the Army Air Corps as an aviation cadet on April 28, 1941. Receiving his commission as a pilot in the Army Air Corps as an aviation cadet on April 28, 1941. Receiving his commission as a pilot in the Army Air Corps in December 1941, Lieutenant Sweeney spent two years at Jefferson Proving Grounds Ind. From the proving grounds in 1943, Charles Sweeney, now a captain, moved to Eglin Field, Fla., where he served as an operations officer and also a test pilot. In 1944 he was promoted to the rank of major in the Army of the United States. At this time he was acting as a B-29 pilot instructor at Grand Island, Neb. Later in the same year, Major Sweeney was reassigned to Wendover Field, Utah and it was here that he began working in the "Silver Plate" project, the code name of the pilot and crew training program for the coming World War II atomic missions. On May 4, 1945 (at the age of 25 and with the rank of major) Charles Sweeney became commander of the 393d Bombardment Squadron, a B-29 unit, which seven weeks later (on June, 1945) flew to a base on Tinian in the Mariana Islands. It was during August 1945 that Major Sweeney flew the history-making missions and dropped the bomb which brought World War II to a close. In November 1945, Major Sweeney and the 393d Bombardment Squadron returned home to Roswell Air Force Base, N.M. His mission at Roswell was to train aircrews for a third atomic mission -- a peacetime experiment on Bikini. Just a few months later on June 28, 1946, he was discharged from active duty with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Colonel Sweeney, on Feb. 21, 1956, was appointed wing commander by Governor Christian A. Herter. Also in 1956, the unit was again re-designated as the 102d Air Defense Wing, and on April 6, 1956, Colonel Sweeney received his promotion to the rank of brigadier general. 1958 saw the wing receive its present designation as the 102d Tactical Fighter Wing. General Sweeney

Analyzing Shakespearean Sonnet Essay -- William Shakespeare Sonnet Ess

Analyzing Shakespearean Sonnet William Shakespeare's sonnet, That Time of Year Thou Mayst in Me Behold emphasizes that death is upon us stressing on the importance of love. By using metaphors he relates death to nature. Using symbolism of autumn leaves, twilight and glowing fire evolving to one conclusion awaiting death. By using Iambic meter he is showing a rising effect to get to the climax of the sonnet. Shakespeare shows how his character is weighed down by torment that his life is coming to an end. He is in search of sympathy saying if you see me like this you will love me even more. Therefore saying, love me now before I am gone or it may be too late. That time of year thou mayst in me behold When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang Upon those boughs which shake against the cold, Bare ruin'd choirs, where late the sweet birds sang. In quatrain one, Shakespeare has come to the understanding that death is upon him by describing the changes of autumn leaves, bordering on the aging process and his hair turning gray. The boughs which shake are the tremors his body is having reminding himself once more that he is not as young as he use to be and ageing has left him feeling like he has lost the power to write. By focusing on the fact that ageing is a slow and discouraging process he is building on the hopes that someone will feel sorry for him and acknowledge the fact that he may die soon. In me thou see'st the twilight of such day As after sunset fadeth in...

Does the Internet Have a Negative Effect on Youth or Does Its Use Need to Be Monitored More Essay

Does the internet have a negative effect on youth or does its use need to be monitored more? The Internet has become a major part of everyday life for most Americans especially today’s youth but some say that internet has a negative effect on youth more than a positive one. The question is: are all of the effects of the internet negative? The internet is used by most youth for entertainment, to find information and to connect with people. Unfortunately while the internet can be useful it has been known to cause negative effects on children. Social networking sites are very popular among today’s youth. In recent years cyber bullying has become a trend among youth because of the internet. There are also cases that youth have been exposed to inappropriate websites while on the internet and it had a negative effect on them. The internet has been known to cause a negative effect on youth but it can be prevented if their internet use is monitored. Social networking websites that are popular on the internet Twitter, MySpace, face book and YouTube. It is said by some t hat youth spend more time on websites like these than studying and doing their homework. While most of the young people in the study got good grades, 47 percent of the heaviest media users, those who consumed at least 16 hours a day, had mostly C’s or lower, compared with 23 percent of those who typically consumed media three hours a day or less (New York Times). Some youth can spend all day on social networking sites. Often times social networking sites can also become a distraction to youth. Most youth would much rather get on face book or twitter than study or write a paper. Most of the time youth can begin writing a paper but end up spending hours on face book. Social networking sites also have been known to cause children to be kidnapped or raped. Because of the amount of information that can be put on these sites it is easy for them to be tracked. There have also been cases where youth have chatted someone under the impression that they were someone else. There have been several cases where children have been harmed because someone found them on social netwo rking site. This can only be prevented if youth internet is monitored. So it seems that social networking sites can only have a negative effect if the time they spend on social networks is not being monitored correctly. Cyber bullying is another negative effect from the internet. Cyber bullying is using the Internet to  send or post texts or images intended to hurt or embarrass another person. It has been said that forty-three percent of teens have been victimized by cyber-bullying in the last year (ncpc.org).Cyber-bullying is a result of youth being mad at another peer or just trying to have fun. Cyber-bullying has been said to cause depression and sometimes even suicide among youth. It has become a major problem among youth in recent years. A lot of the time cyber bullying takes place on sites like twitter, face book and sometimes even YouTube. There have been cases all over the news where youth have said that they became depressed because of cyber-bullying.Most youth who have participated in cyber bullying thought that it was funny and not realized that it would have a negative effect on the victim. There have been steps taken to try to prevent cyber-bullying but there are still some cases where it is still happening. Cyber-bullying can be prevented if t he internet use is being monitored. Almost eighty percent of teens said they did not have rules for the internet or that it was not monitored. While browsing the internet the youth can be exposed to a lot of inappropriate websites that most would agree they shouldn’t be exposed to. Twenty five percent of youth had unwanted exposure to sexual pictures on the internet in the past year, challenging the prevalent assumption that the problem is primarily about young people motivated to actively seek out pornography according to youth and society (Protectkids.com).One quarter of these youth were upset by being exposed to pornography. In other cases when youth are exposed to pornography they become interested and begin watching it regularly. According to one study, when youth under fourteen years of age are exposed to pornography it is related to greater involvement in deviant sexual practice, particularly rape (protectkids.com). It has also been said that because pornography encourages sexual expression without responsibility it endangers children’s health. If a child were to see porn he/she may think that is okay to have unprotected sex which could then lead to std’s and unplanned pregnancy( protectkids,com ). Although porn can and has had negative effects on children it has been said that porn does not always have negative effects on children. Some children are exposed and it has no effect at all. In the end it seems that it may depend on the child if it has a negative effect or not. It also seems that the only way that this can be prevented is if their internet use is monitored. There are strategies that  can be taken to do this (Council). It seems to be proven that the internet can in fact have a negative effect on youth. Social networking sites can cause youth grades to drop. Cyber-bullying mostly takes place on the internet and it cause youth to become depressed. Youth can be exposed to several inappropriate websites which can damage their future development. The internet can be a very useful tool for youth to have access to but it can also have a very negative impact on youth if it is not monitored correctly. To ensure that the internet does not harm our youth in negative way parents/guardians must monitor their children’s internet use.

In conflict, it is women who suffer most

Plan: Interpretation of prompt: Generally throughout the majority of conflicts especially physical conflict, it is the men who are at the forefront fighting the battle. However it is the mother, the wives, the daughters and the sisters of these men who are the ones who suffer most. Paragraphs/Ideas * Picassos painting â€Å"the weeping woman† depicts a grief stricken lady, experiencing the true devastation of losing a beloved male to the horror of the Spanish civil War. In the quiet American, it is Phuong who suffers throughout the text, being torn between both men when having to decide who she wants to be with as a result of the conflict between the two men. * Essay: History has proven to the world that no matter gender, race or religion, conflict will always arise. Not always but generally it is the men of the world who stand up for what they believe in, resulting in the battle of conflict between men. Frequently ending physically, men attempt to prove dominance in their com petitive race through conflict, while women are forced to take a back seat. Despite the result of a male dominated conflict, the deeper consequences show a suffering and pain that is caused to the women who are affected most from the outcome. Famous painter Pablo Picasso’s early 1900’s painting of the â€Å"Weeping Woman† presents the severe suffering that is caused to women through conflict. Representing a woman devastated by the effects of the Spanish Civil War, Picasso displays a face that is etched with a universal pain felt by all women who have been affected through the loss of men to war. The tears treaming down her excoriated face shows the suffering caused by a woman who has clearly felt the true effect of a conflict. Although millions of men have lost their lived and been damaged physically through war, it is clearly devastated through the Picasso’s painting that the emotional suffering that impacts on women is much more severe. Women have very little impact when it comes to conflict, especially when it is male dominated . Being forced to be a bystander like the weeping women, causes adverse emotion affects on women, such that is more traumatising to them than the conflict to the man. They may not always display it, but women always feel the pain of conflict more harshly than men. The harsh suffering that women experience through conflict is similarly exemplified in Grahem Greene’s text The Quiet American. Greene’s female main character Phoung and her sister represent two Vietnamese women who are affected differently by the horrors of the Vietnam War. The conflict of the war mixed in with the rivalry of her two lover’s for her affection tears Phuong apart and inflicts emotional pain on her. Her love for main character Fowler combats against her will to be married to protagonist Pyle, causing her to feel a world of hurt as a result. With Phuong unable to truly decide between her original lover and the man who can provide her with what she needs, we see the sorrow that slowly confuses and destroys her throughout the text. The pain of seeing her younger sister unhappy and unmarried also tears at Phuongs sister, with her main priority of doing what is right for Phuong impacting her every decision. Phuong’s sister can clearly see the happiness experienced when her sister is with fowler however she knows that they are unable to marry. The need for Phuong to marry a man who can provide for her inflicts suffering upon Phuong’s sister as she forces herself to convince Phuong to make the appropriate choice. This conflict of man vs man influenced by the war presents just how women are always at the deepest end of suffering emotionally compared to men. It is the women such as Phuong and her sister who experience the unfathomable pain and suffering that is forced upon them by the conflict which only affects men to a certain level. Paragraph 3: Regardless of whether it is emotional or physical, the battle of supremacy within a conflict shall always end with suffering. What is not always seen on the surface of a conflict is the deeper pain that is thrust upon those who are not directly involved. Generally, it is the women who suffer the most throughout conflict, the women who are bystanders and experience the conflict on another level. Men are usually at the front line of a conflict, doing what is right by their beliefs however it is there beloved female family members who bear the grunt of the painful result of a conflict.

Issues in cloud computing

The purpose of assignments Is be able to understand the various advantages and Issues of cloud computing. Research and analyses whether or not cloud computing Is the way forward for the chosen organization. Company of choice The type of company selected here is Higher Educationalists. The Higher Educationlnstituteprovides its services in different location through its branches. It may have thousands of students and staff and has lot of sensitive data e. G. Student staffs information, lectures notes and books, student's private and personal details.Higher Education Institutions financial status, its own business Lana and strategy and so on. While moving to the cloud, Higher Education Institute may face lot of issues like legal issues, ethical issues environmental issues, security issues and so on. This assignment triesprovldingprofesslonal solution to address these mentioned Issues. Introduction Cloud computing Is a style of computing where scalable and elastic IT-enabled capableness are provided ‘ as a services' to multiple external customers using internet technologies[l].In simple terms , cloud computing enables business of all sizes to quickly procure and use a wide range of enterprise-class IT systems on a pay per-use basis from anywhere at any time. Cloud computing services are divided into three classes, according to the abstraction level of the capability provided and the service model of providers. Namely (1) infrastructure as a service, (2) platform as a service, (3) Software as a Service and there are different types of cloud depending upon the network it cover they are (1) Public clouds, (2) Private Clouds (3) community clouds and (4) hybrid cloud.Each types of cloud and services provision has own characteristics, benefits and challenges and suits deferent business models and purposes however, all have similar legal Issues to consider. L] Benefits If Higher Education Institutes anticipating a huge upswing in computing need (or evening Education Institute surprised bay sudden demand), cloud computing can help institute to manage. Rather than having to buy,install, and configure new equipment,eliminates can buy additional CPU cycles or storage from third party.Since Institutions are based on consumption. Indians does not have to deal with unneeded equipment. Institute simply add or subtract based on its need. [ 1] Again, not having to buy and configure new equipment allows Institute and IT staff to eyesight to business. The cloud solution makes it possible to get application stereotypically, and It costs a fraction of what It would cost to implement an on- site solution. [ 3] The managerial and strategic level employer no needs to physically attend the Institute's site to get information.They can get Information from anywhere, which help to Increase the productivity of Institute [ 2] Legal issues: As moving tighter Distastefulness's data to the cloud, Outshoot need to comply with Data Protection act 1988. The eight principl e of Data Protection act are (1) Data should be fearfully and carefully processed. 2) Data should be processed for the specified purpose(3) The data collected should be adequate, relevant and not excessive. (4)The data should be up to date. (5) The data cannot be kept no longer than necessary. (6)The data should be processed in accordance with the individual rights. (7)The data should be kept Securely. 8)The data cannot be transferred and stored outside the European Economic Area (EYE)without adequate protection. [6] The Higher Educationlnstituteshould ensure that Cloud Service Provider has kept the data securely in order to preventatives unlawful processing, stolen, against accidental cost and damage. So while choosing the overnighter Educationlnstituteshould know how the cloud companies handles the personal and sensitive data. Higher Educationalists should need to consider whether or not the level of security which would be provided by Cloud Company will meet the both requirement of Higher Declassification's Data Protection Act. 6] The Data Protection Act clearly mentioned that personality should not be moved or transferred outside the European Economic Area unless there is an adequate leveler protection. Cloud provider might not always store the data in European Economic Arabesques to establish and maintain the data centre outside the European Economic Area might be cheap. Storing data outside the European Economic Area breaches the Data Protection Act. Compliance may beached busing EX. approved contract terms with cloud provider. [3] All the public authorities in the I-J have legal responsibilities to comply with Freedom of Information Act 2000.If Higher Educationlnstituteholds the information and if any request is made to the Higher Educationalists fortification then,Higher Educationalists should provide thrusters information to the requester within the 20 days. If suppose, by some reasons cloud computing server is failed and Higher Educationlnstitutecann ot able to access its stored information from the cloud then Higher Educationlnstitutewill face the problem. So while choosing the cloud computing service provider, it is necessary to assess their failure history of server, reputation, backup strategy and so on. 2] Intellectual property right are the right which is granted to owners of that intellectual creativity. Copyright, Patents,Database and Trademark are considered as Intellectual property. Generally, copyright protects and prevents the owner's work from copying ND reproducing. Copyright can be obtained on for example computer software program, textbook, film,teaching and research material and so on. [6] Higher Education Institute has also lot of intellectual property which need to be protected.The Higher Education Institute has the right to control its intellectual properties copyright, design and patents act (1988) necessarily in migration to the cloud. [6] Similarly, database right is another right which falls under intelle ctual property. It prevents the database from extraction, reuse of all or substantial part of the database without impressionists. 6]Higher Education Institute should prevent its own database example pay roll database, steadfastness and the database which is created by teacher or students for the learning purpose.Patent is the right to the owner which prevents others from making, using, manufacturing and selling the invented products and process without owner permission. Patents are only effective in the country where the right is granted. If the patents have been registered in the European Patents Office then it is protected in the whole Europe. [6] while moving to the cloud computing , It raises particular intellectual property right issue for Higher Education Institute to include before to confirming the conditions of their cloud computing provision. The issue may arise are 🙠 1) they may have access to information belonging to Institute. 2) The location of information whe re they kept is not fixed. This issue makes tighter Education Institute difficult for its intellectual property right compliance. [3] Annexation regarding above issue: software license may be location specific . Minored to safe guard to the resources, the Institute might have done the agreement with publisher through educational resource licenses and his agreement may only allow to access electronic resources or storage of digital material by registered users( staff and students ) through particular local server only.So while moving to the cloud, problem would be, the cloud provider mischance's threescore and they are not location specific. So agreements with resource supplier regarding access and location should be addressed Institute's contract with cloud provider and the cloud provider also need to prevents to get access and need to prevent any unwanted and unlawful usage of licensed resources[4] As moving to the cloud adequately act 2010 places legal obligation to he Institute. Utilities need to make sure that all the students with disability have equal access of information.As moving the cloud Institute should check that the means of service provision will not adversely impact accessibility. [4] Environmental issue As moving to the cloud the Institute can contributes to lower the carbon foot prints. According to the [7]by adopting the cloud computing, the consumption of energy by data centre could be reduced by thirty eight percentage by the year 2020. And such reduction on energy will reduces twenty eight percentages greenhouse gas emissions. Research also found that the smaller organization will contribute largeness's ninety percentages to reduce the carbon foot print.Whereas, bacteriologists reduces carbon foot print by thirty percentages. [7] Decanter are designed on echo friendly nature which use low suffer fuels to reduce emission from backup generators. These energetically lighting technology. Most of the staff in the cloud service provider is Depo sitional and they concern on designing and building an echo friendly product where as Higher Education Institute whose primary focus is to provide quality education and earning profit by increasing the number of detent. Decanter provides the infrastructure only when it is needed . T maximize the efficiency and utilization of server by sharing same server for different cloud. [7] Ethics and ProfessionalResponsibility: All the informational infrastructure that used to be stored locally stored to the third party animadversion cannot be directly control its data. Lost of direct control sometime gives the problem. If something happen on the data at the cloud. For example unauthorized access of data or failure in Infrastructure,eliminates cannot do anything because it is difficult to know who caused the problem. Dud service provider usually make the infrastructure by aggregating the systems and each system may owned by other company and if something goes wrong in such complex system then it is difficult to decide who has caused the problem. The data which is stored in the cloud some time used for some other purpose. For example biometric data of student which is collected for student attendance purpose, that data might be used for the criminal investigation purpose.Keeping identification to the cloud, it can feel that cloudscape provider would seem to be responsible for the data and have control over it. There might be issue of trust potentialities and cloud computing service provider[4] There is loot of IT practitioners work in the cloud service provider. They are associates with some professional body example British Computer Society,Association for Computing Machinery, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and so on. There's day to day practice and responsibilities has been defined by associated professional body.Professional people like Database administrator of the cloud service provider has the access to the client's personal and sensitive data He is not allowed to disclose the client's data to the third party. Professional body may take the disciplinary action fortress who breach the code of conduct. BCC broadly defined its code of conduct in four categories they are (1) duty to the public (2) duty to the relevant authority, (3) duty to the profession and (4) professional competence and integrity[5 ]similarly, IEEE and ACM has also code of conduct for its member which is almost similar to Thebes code of conduct.Recommendation and conclusion: It is institute responsibilities to compliance with the legal act. So, it is recommended to check the position of cloud provider's security, data transfer and compliance tit EX. law. Penthouse applying the best efforts there may arises the dispute with cloud provider. It is recommended to choose the established cloud provider, find out theirs server location, asses suitability and agree which law applies. Identify the confidential material and find whether cloud is suitable for that data or not.Institutions should ensure that the contract terms with cloud providers reflect their legal obligations, responsibilities and the level of risk they are prepared to handle Penthouse there are lot of benefits in cloud computing, it is compulsory to aware of he ethical and legal issues and careful most be taken before agreeing any contract with cloud service provider.

Cultural Competency Essay

Cultural competency is defined a set of personal and academic skills required for increasing understanding and appreciation of cultural differences. Actually, becoming culturally competent is a developmental process taking lots of time. Cultural competence helps to shape behavioral patents as well as it affects health care delivery. Culturally competent pharmaceutical providers should appreciate family ties and realize that family and behavioral values are determined by peculiarities of culture. Apparently, cultural competence relates to pharmacy, because it suggests pharmaceutical provider-customer relations meaning that health care providers should find individual approach to every patient requiring treatment. The goals of cultural competence are to increase cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skills and cultural encounters. Cultural differences should be appreciated and accepted and, therefore, it is necessary to seek out new world views of diseases and medicines. Cultural knowledge helps pharmacy to promote better understanding between cultural groups. Cultural competence promotes assessing patient without relying only on written facts. It means that there is a need to find another perspective, to reduce resistance and defensiveness and to acknowledge interactive mistakes. Pharmacy suggests meeting and working directly with people of different cultures and, thus, developing cultural competency helps to dispel stereotypes and to contradict academic knowledge. Pharmacy requires gathering cultural knowledge which is often neglected. Cultural competency welcomes cooperation and collaboration instead of insulting other culture’s perspectives. For example, physicians belong to cultural group possessing their own beliefs, customs, practices and rituals. This includes definitions of illness and health, systematic approaches, compliance, prevention through annual exams, the superiority of technology, etc. Therefore, cultural competency plays crucial role in medicine. Works Cited Spector, R. Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1996.

Sony Corporation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Sony Corporation - Research Paper Example Sony’s mission statement is â€Å"To experience the joy of advancing and applying technology for the benefit of the public†. Sony develops a wide range of innovative products and services which changed the way consumers enjoy the digital entertainment. Sony strives continuously to create new areas of entertainment which can be experienced by the variety of products they offer. Market SummaryFor any marketing activity promotion of its product is a key step in enhancing its revenue. Through the promotional effort, Sony is trying to create awareness among the public about the product and the services it offers. Sony has increased its marketing budget to Rs 250 cr in this financial year on advertising and promotion of its premium segment of consumer electronic goods mainly on laptops, TVs etc.The Vaio was not the first PC created by Sony. The first was a transistor based calculator, SOBAX manufactured in the year 1967. It then withdrew its product because of stiff competiti on from Casio and Sharp. It was not until the mid-1990s when household consumers in Japan started using PCs for their activities. This opened up the possibility of using PCs and audiovisual medium. The full form of VAIO is Video Audio Integrated Operation which shows their ambition to integrate PCs with telecommunication, movies, and music. Sony VAIO is the best brand in the laptop series that is available in the market. Sony VAIO series is mainly targeted at youth category with the slightly high range of prices.... Then the company withdrew its computer business for a decade. It again re-entered into the computer market under a new brand name, VAIO brand in 1996 with PCV series of desktops. Mission Statement Sony’s mission statement is â€Å"To experience the joy of advancing and applying technology for the benefit of the public†. Sony develops a wide range of innovative products and services which changed the way consumers enjoy the digital entertainment. Sony strives continuously to create new arenas of entertainment which can be experienced by the variety of products they offer (Sony, 2003). Market Summary For any marketing activity promotion of its product is a key step in enhancing its revenue. Through the promotional effort Sony is trying to create awareness among the public about the product and the services it offers. Sony has increased its marketing budget to Rs 250 cr in this financial year on advertising and promotion of its premium segment of consumer electronic goods mainly on laptops, TVs etc. The Vaio was not the first PC created by Sony. The first was a transistor based calculator, SOBAX manufactured in the year 1967. It then withdrew its product because of stiff competition from Casio and Sharp. It was not until mid-1990s when household consumers in Japan started using PCs for their activities. This opened up the possibility for using PCs and audio visual medium. The full form of VAIO is Video Audio Integrated Operation which shows their ambition to integrate PCs with telecommunication, movies and music (Chang, 2011). Sony VAIO is the best brand in the laptop series that is available in the market. Sony VAIO series is mainly targeted at youth category with slightly high range of prices. Hence VAIO mainly uses

Concepts of Operations Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Concepts of Operations Project - Essay Example Incident Response team (IRT) is the operational team of specialists responsible for performing an UC Davis Misuse Committee and Incident Response Team that is determined by the nature of the incident. A high level oversight of Incident Response Team (IRT) is offered by Misuse Committee. (Kovacich, 2003) Misuse Committee will be composed of Director of Resource Planning and Budget, Human Resources Director, Director of Internal Audit Services, UCDMC Compliance Officer and Chief of Police. The Chairperson of the Misuse Committee determines the company's designated Information Resource Security Guidelines Coordinator that will participate in the misuse Committee. This will be so during a discussion any suspected abuse or misuse of computing resources. In regards to IT incidents, the key responsibility of the Misuse Committee is to provide operational guidelines to the Incident Response Team (IRT). The guidelines include; general investigative protocol, information custody issues, data/evidence preservation, report content and quality assurance. The external law enforcement assistance may be sought by the Misuse Committee to investigate an incident. ... The Misuse Committee in turn approves the de-escalation of an incident from the highest severity rating to a lower severity rating. The Director of Information Technology will be notified of any high level severity incident or incident containment action in the judgment of the committee that disrupt the broad availability of UC Davis electronic circumstances by the Misuse Committee. He will also inform the Director of Information of any other incident that requires initiation of investigation communication or company-wide coordination with the external law enforcement agencies or collateral organizations. The operational capability of the Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT) is to determine the best strategy to put the structure in place. They compare which strategy has worked well for others within their industry in order for them to establish guidelines on an effective incident response capability. Week One Goal Mission Statement B Concept Company's mission statement toward the development of an Information Systems Security Incident is to protect communications and promote standards that give them a unique advantage. The main aim of this policy is to ensure that B concept members are aware of their responsibilities toward safeguarding information assets of the company and also ensure that: The company meets it commitment of protecting information like the one mentioned in the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Guidelines; That there is continued operations within the company facilitated by dependent on electronic access to information; The members and company's partners protects their personal information,

Scholarship essay Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scholarship essay - Personal Statement Example In 2008, I took the first step to feeling like I belonged here—I began taking English classes at the HCC. From these humble beginnings, I progressed to the point where I was able to begin taking college classes, specifically to do with computers. From here my English improved so much that I was able to pass my citizenship exams just last year. Although I will always be treated as an outsider, I now feel proud to call America my home. The skills that I have picked up on will help me in my pursuit of a degree in Computer Information Systems at the University of Houston. A scholarship will greatly assist me in reaching my goal of completing my degree in Computer Information Systems. I believe that I deserve this not only for my educational achievements, but also for the volunteer work that I have done in the community. I am someone who always likes to give back to the community because I feel that everyone has helped me so much along the way. I am an approved TDCJ volunteer and have participated in the TDCJ Mentoring Program. The main tasks that I have been involved with as a volunteer include fostering care and support, encouraging personal development, assisting in personal visioning, and developing active community partnerships. I feel that this experience has not only helped me as a person, but has also made me appreciate this country that I now call home. For the mentoring program, the objective is to establish a trust-based relationship with accountability and responsibility from both the mentor and the mentee. As I have been a mentor with thi s program, it has been great to listen to the stories of people who come to me with their problems. I feel privileged to be able to offer suggestions and help in any way that I can. Even though my work as a volunteer and a mentor is not directly related to my degree, I feel that I have gained other invaluable skills that will assist me in the future. Looking towards the future, I would like to further my pursuit

Relationship Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Relationship Marketing - Essay Example To keep the relationship alive, relationship marketing becomes essential. This does not mean that the company should be ‘best friends’ with the client, rather it signifies the idea that a company should use a marketing system in which the marketing stress is placed on creating a long term relationship with customers which comes with the promise of repeat business rather than individual sales (Stone & Woodcock, 1995). This process involves a perceptive understanding of the client’s needs as the customers go through their lifecycle with the company and the satisfaction of those needs as the customer experiences them. Relationship marketing is based on the concepts of marketing but it uses cross functional teams that cut across various departments in a company to provide excellent and complete services to the clients. Rather than have the client go to different locations to get the pricing, service, promotions and other elements of the marketing mix, the entire marketing process can be handled by a team which comprises of various members of the company to provide multiple points of contact for customer groups (Peck et. al., 1999). Therefore relationship marketing is also considered to be a system which is similar to customer relationship management. This is done because the focus is on satisfying the needs of the customer rather than the needs of the company. In such a process, the product and the product lifecycle take differing positions of importance since different types and elements of marketing must be used as the customer and the product itself goes through various phases of maturity. Since the topic of relationship marketing is quite vast, it has been successfully applied to everything from consumable food items (Normandy & Sanders, 2004) to high end luxury cars (Stone et. al. 1996). While a chocolate might have a smaller life as a product, a good car remains with the buyer for several years if not several

Transport Operations (Shipping) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Transport Operations (Shipping) - Essay Example At the same time, intermodal transport refers to a system of transport where by more than one mode of transport is used to move the same loading unit in an integrated way. This paper will critically analyse how short sea shipping may influence multimodal and intermodal transport planning. Multimodal transport contains a chain of process and steps such as multiple storage and handling stages which require a thorough control. Hence, this mode of transport will not be effective if various phases of the transport are not controlled properly. As Devia (2008) points out, the main difficulty associated with the carriage of goods is that there is no international regime in force regarding various modes of transport. As a result of this lack of uniformity in regulation, the determination of the law depends on a specific transport process when different modes of transport are deployed. As Sturley (2007) reminds, there may arise some problems in the transport of goods between countries located at different continent if the goods in transit are damaged. In such cases, it is very difficult to identify the places or stages where the damages occurred so that the liability of the carrier varies in relation to the court where he is sued. The absence of a unified law for the multimoda l transport of goods caused the emergence of some regional, sub regional and national regulations, which in turn caused great difficulties for the international transport of goods. Similarly, intermodal transport systems face different types of threats from terrorists. From different experiences, it has been observed that railroad freight is extremely vulnerable to terrorist attacks. In addition, issues associated with modular service offerings, transport chain coordination, and network technologies impinge on the scope of intermodal transport systems. In short, it is necessary to establish well planned multimodal and intermodal

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Business - Essay Example The product to be marketed is a wide range of cosmetics (100%Vegetarian) especially lipsticks, and it would be launched in the Indian market by the name: To enter into a new market firstly a Market Research has to be done and thus, I have prepared a questionnaire for the females between 16-55 yr as a part of my Primary Market Research analysis. Also I have applied Porter’s Five Forces Model i.e. the threat of substitute products, the threat of the entry of new competitors, the intensity of competitive rivalry, the bargaining power of customers, and the bargaining power of suppliers. Culture is the manner in which things are performed within a society, community or nation. Culture is not a trait that comes with birth but it is learnt over a span of several years. The major things that can be observed amongst Indian culture are as follows:- The Terpstra and Sarathy Cultural Framework helps marketing managers to assess the cultural nature of an international market. The Eight categories are Language, Religion, Values and Attitudes, Education, Social Organizations, Technology and Material Culture, Law and Politics and Aesthetics. 1. Language: - There are as many as 22 official languages in India. The national language of the country is Hindi and most of the people in the country are quite well versed with English as well owning to the British rule in the country for around 200 years. 2. Religion: India is considered to be a land of unity in diversity. Many religions are practiced in the country including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Islamism, Sikhism, Christianity etc. The cow is considered sacred in Hinduism. She is the one who should be worshipped for the various graces she bestows on humanity. 40% of the total population is Vegetarian. 3. Values and Attitude:- Generally people in India have a high regard for their elders. Although traditional roles are changing, especially in urban areas, there

Consultation topic paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consultation topic paper - Essay Example s a phenomenon in which one or more industrial/managerial experts give their valuable and well thought opinion/advice to a client who seeks to improve performance or expand operations. Per se, a company that has recently incurred a big loss in business may turn toward some consultancy firm for getting some advice on maximizing profits or fill up the loopholes. However, different types of consultancy services are needed for the different types of organizations, individuals, and industries because everyone has a unique need. Yet, experts have managed to analyze the process of consultation in a generalized way. Roughly, consultation process is divided into six phases. These are: pre-entry (preliminary formalities and introduction); entry (exploring the problem, contracting, etc.); information gathering (data collection, problem confirmation, etc.); implementation (intervention selection, planning, etc.); evaluation and termination (Kurpius et al 1993; International Labour Organization 2 002; Ray 2011). The proposed draft addresses human resource or HR related issues, where training and interaction are the main foci. Scope of consultation in this context is around the nature and extent of the proposed training program. A necessity of consultation is likely to arise for the following reasons: Another requirement is to expand the target population of the team building program. Focusing just on the staffs of the specified non-profit organization may not be enough. Inducting corporate level managers and peers may help in fostering more professional attitude. Potential problems associated with each phase of consultation may affect the proposed team building program adversely. Selecting the right consultancy group or company is the most difficult task. Clash of opinions and collision of personalities may hamper both the consultation process and training program. Entry phase: The most crucial part of this phase is contracting. While contracting, the managers must be aware

Line Managers and HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Line Managers and HRM - Essay Example Retailco at the same time is also not interested in investing much into the part timers as the major advantage of hiring the part time workers is the cost saving as compared to the full time workers. Another problem with the part time workers is that the part time workers have other commitments too. The turnover of part time workers is high as they have less loyalty and less bonding with the organization working in. On the other hand, the full time work force is expensive to manage and maintain. The part time workers are only paid for their services whereas the full time workers also receive a hefty benefits package alongwith their basic salary. From the perspective of recruitment of part time workers as opposed to full time employees, the part time workers have to be hired more frequently. Store managers have substantial responsibility in terms of management and human resource activities. These managers are responsible for local HR activities including, but not restricted to, recruitment and selection, on-the-job training, staff scheduling and performance management. The workforce majority being the part time workers pose a difficulty for the store managers to manage their time to conduct such additional tasks which do not directly contribute to their performance. Store managers have set cost targets and budgets constraints within which they have to remain. They believe that hiring full time workers costs more in terms of overtime rate, for example, and thus they would run out of their budget limits if they hire full time workers. Thus they prefer hiring part time workers over full time employees. Another problem arising as a consequence of such a budget based recruitment practice is that the recruitment is

A Poem from Aeon Entelechy Evangelion by Earthscorpion Essay Example for Free

A Poem from Aeon Entelechy Evangelion by Earthscorpion Essay Many a star must have been there for you so you might feel it. A wave lifted towards you out of the past, or, as you walked past an open window, a violin gave of itself. All this was their mission. But could you handle it? Were you not always, still, distracted by expectation, as if all you experienced, like a Beloved, came near to you? (Where could you contain her, with all the vast strange thoughts in you going in and out, and often staying the night. ) But if you are yearning, then sing the lovers: for long heir notorious feelings have not been immortal enough. Those, you almost envied them, the forsaken, that you found as loving as those who were satisfied. Begin, always as new, the unattainable praising: think: the hero prolongs himself, even his falling was only a pretext for being, his latest rebirth. But lovers are taken back by exhausted Nature into herself, as if there were not the power to make them again. Have you remembered Gastara Stampa sufficiently yet, that any girl, whose lover has gone, might feel from that intenser example of love: Could I only become like her? Should not these ancient sufferings be finally fruitful for us? Isnt it time that, loving, we freed ourselves from the beloved, and, trembling, endured as the arrow endures the bow, so as to be, in its flight, something more than itself? For staying is nowhere. Voices, voices. Hear then, my heart, as only saints have heard: so that the mighty call raised them from the earth: they, though, knelt on impossibly and paid no attention: such was their listening. Not that you could withstand Gods voice: far from it. But listen to the breath, the unbroken message that creates itself from the silence. It rushes towards you now, from those youthfully dead. Whenever you entered, didnt their fate speak to you, quietly, in churches in Naples or Rome? Or else an inscription exaltedly impressed itself on you, as lately the tablet in Santa Maria Formosa. What do they will of me? That I should gently remove the semblance of injustice, that slightly, at times, hinders their spirits from a pure moving-on. It is truly strange to no longer inhabit the earth, to no longer practice customs barely acquired, not to give a meaning of human futurity to roses, and other expressly promising things: o longer to be what one was in endlessly anxious hands, and to set aside even ones own proper name like a broken plaything. Strange: not to go on wishing ones wishes. Strange to see all that was once in place, floating so loosely in space. And its hard being dead, and full of retrieval, before one gradually feels a little eternity. Though the living all make the error of drawing too sharp a distinction. An gels (they say) would often not know whether they moved among living or dead. The eternal current sweeps all the ages, within it, through both the spheres, forever, and resounds above them in both. Finally they have no more need of us, the early-departed, weaned gently from earthly things, as one outgrows the mothers mild breast. But we, needing such great secrets, for whom sadness is often the source of a blessed progress, could we exist without them? Is it a meaningless story how once, in the grieving for Linos, first music ventured to penetrate arid rigidity, so that, in startled space, which an almost godlike youth suddenly left forever, the emptiness first felt the quivering that now enraptures us, and comforts, and helps.

Crops and vegetables Essay Example for Free

Crops and vegetables Essay Contribution of Crops in 1995-96 was 15. 03, in 1997-98 was 14. 59, in 1999-00 was 14. 59, in 2001-02 was 13. 75, in 2003-04 was 13. 23, in 2005-06 was 12. 19. Contribution of crops and vegetables is decreasing year by year. Though production of crops has increased our land has decreased, so our total production has decreased and thus contribution of crops on economy is decreasing. Contribution of Crops and Vegetables in total agriculture in 1995-96 was 58. 53%, in 1997-98 was 57. 58%, in 1999-00 was 57. 04%, in 2001-02 was 57. 32%, in 2003-04 was 57. 32%, in 2005-06 was 55. 99%. From these percentage amounts we can easily say that among the total agriculture sector, contribution of crops and vegetables is most and it is more than 5o% in each year. If we can not increase our crops production then it will have no contribution on GDP. Livestock Contribution of Livestock in 1995-96 was 3. 36, in 1997-98 was 3. 19, in 1999-00 was 3. 02, in 2001-02 was 2. 96, in 2003-04 was 2. 91, in 2005-06 was 2. 93. Though many firms are being established day by day livestock is not contributing enough on GDP. Contribution of Livestock in total agriculture in 1995-96 was 13. 08%, in 1997-98 was 12. 59%, in 1999-00 was 11. 81%, in 2001-02 was 12. 34%, in 2003-04 was 12. 61%, in 2005-06 was 13. 46%. From these above percentage amounts we can say that though our livestock production is not increasing. But contribution of livestock on total agriculture is increasing in recent years. Forestry As we are cutting down more trees to meet our daily need our forestry is gradually decreasing day by day and thus contribution of forestry on GDP is also decreasing. Contribution of Forestry in 1995-96 was 1. 90, in 1997-98 was 1. 89, in 1999-00 was 1. 88, in 2001-02 was 1. 88, in 2003-04 was 1. 83, in 2005-06 was 1. 79. Contribution of Forestry in total agriculture in 1995-96 was 7. 52%, in 1997-98 was 7. 46%, in 1999-00 was 7. 35%, in 2001-02 was 7. 84%, in 2003-04 was 7. 93%, in 2005-06 was 8. 22%. As other sub-sector is decreasing more than forestry, contribution of forestry on total agriculture has increased in recent years. Agriculture and forestry Fisheries Contribution of Fisheries in 1995-96 was 5. 36, in 1997-98 was 5. 67, in 1999-00 was 6. 09, in 2001-02 was 5. 40, in 2003-04 was 5. 11, in 2005-06 was 4. 86. We see that contribution of fisheries on GDP was increasing from 1995-96 to 1999-2000, but after that it has been decreasing. Though the contribution of fisheries is not much on GDP of Bangladesh, this sub-sector has become an important and major source of agriculture. Contribution of Fisheries in total agriculture sector, in 1995-96 was 20. 87%, in 1997-98 was 22. 38%, in 1999-00 was 23. 81%, in 2001-02 was 22. 51%, in 2003-04 was 22. 14%, in 2005-06 was 22. 32%. Which is more than livestock and forestry. Sector/ Sub sector 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 Crops 15. 03 15. 21 14. 59 14. 33 14. 59 14. 7 13. 75 13. 43 13. 23 12. 51 12. 19 In ( % ) 58. 53 58. 80 57. 57 56. 68 57. 03 58. 72 57. 31 57. 22 57. 32 56. 14 55. 99 Livestock 3. 36 3. 27 3. 19 3. 12 3. 02 2. 95 2. 96 2. 93 2. 91 2. 95 2. 93 In ( % ) 13. 08 12. 64 12. 58 12. 34 11. 80 11. 78 12. 33 12. 48 12. 60 13. 24 13. 45 Forestry 1. 93 1. 91 1. 89 1. 9 1. 88 1. 87 1. 88 1. 86 1. 83 1. 82 1. 79 In ( % ) 7. 51 7. 38 7. 45 7. 51 7. 34 7. 47 7. 83 7. 92 7. 92 8. 16 8. 22 Fisheries 5. 36 5. 48 5. 67 5. 93 6. 09 5. 51 5. 4 5. 25 5. 11 5 4. 86 In ( % ) 20. 87 21. 18 22. 37 23. 45 23. 80 22. 01 22. 50 22. 36 22. 14 22. 44 22. 32 Total 25. 68 25. 87 25. 34 25. 28 25. 58 25. 03 23. 99 23. 47 23. 08 22. 28 21. 77 Contribution of Agriculture in Employment The linkage between the agricultural sector and the economy in general is in terms of employment generation. This is especially important because agriculture is by far the largest employer of poor people, and therefore has a key role in poverty alleviation. According to the 1981 census, total employment was approximately 24 million people (Table 2. 7). Of these, more than 60 per cent were employed in the agricultural sector, representing 14. 5 million people. This figure represents those directly working in agriculture and does not include employment in agricultural-related manufacturing industries. According to the 1991 census, the number of employed in agriculture increased to 16. 3 million. While this figure shows that the share of agriculture in total employment declined over the 10-year period, agriculture still provided employment for well over half the total workforce (again excluding employment in agriculture related industries). Statistics of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) in 1989 and again in 1991 show a similar pattern, although they indicate a more significant role for agriculture in employment generation. The main difference between the two surveys is that the LFS includes household-based economic activity, and therefore perhaps provides a better picture of actual employment patterns and trends. According to the 1989 LFS, almost three-quarters of the all employment were derived directly from the agricultural sector, with 34 million employed. The 1991 survey showed that agriculture continued to provide a livelihood for the vast majority of Bangladeshis, although its share dropped slightly in comparison to non-farm employment. According to the last census which is took place in 2002-2003 the labor force working in agriculture is 51. 7% of the total labor force of the country. Women participation in Agriculture In the socio-economic context of Bangladesh, involvement of women in agriculture is very important. It would be easier to control rural-urban migration by engaging women in agricultural activities to a greater extent. Considering women. s involvement in agriculture, the following programmes will be taken up for enhancing their role under the scope of the National Agriculture Policy: Agriculture related activities like post harvest operations, seed preservation, nursery business, jute stripping, vegetable cultivation, homestead gardening, floriculture, production of horticultural seeds, establishment and management of cottage industries based on locally produced agricultural commodities, etc are very suitable for women. Extensive training programmes will be conducted and capital support will be provided to encourage women’s interest and improve their skill in such activities. the women are always a major employment force of agriculture. A large majority of the households in Bangladesh depend upon agriculture and related activities like livestock rearing, fisheries and forestry. In 1992-93, crops accounted for 77. 7% of the total agricultural production, fisheries 7. 8%, livestock 7. 7% and forestry 6. 7%. The agricultural sector accounted for nearly 36% of Gross Domestic Product . Despite their routine domestic work, women are very actively involved in agricultural production in Bangladesh. Women in rural Bangladesh are in general responsible for most of the agricultural work in the homestead. They traditionally undertake home gardening. Farm activities in the homesteads, ranging from selection of seed to harvesting and storing of crops, are predominantly managed by women. Despite womens important role in agriculture, the traditional social norms and customary laws combined with the purdah system deprive Bangladeshi women of equitable economic opportunities and access to resources.