Integrated Marketing Communications Free Essays

string(467) unfeasible to build up a relapse proportion of IMC for BMW vehicles in this nation because of the accessibility of different sorts of IMC devices through which the client can be arrived at, for example, direct showcasing, individual selling, occasion sponsorship, media publicizing, deals advancements, and the web restricting the utilization of this apparatus since it is difficult to tell how every one of these components influence the clients conduct in an incorporated structure (BMW Group in the UK, 2013). Dynamic In under 20 years, IMC has spread everywhere throughout the world and has become the most acknowledged business practice. IMC has changed how correspondence promoting happens. The complexities of utilization of IMC lie in the failure to assess the projects adequately. We will compose a custom paper test on Incorporated Marketing Communications or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Kitchen, Kim and Schultz (2008) contend that this difficult will adversely affect on the application and further improvement of IMC. A few speculations have been recommended in an exertion of building up a coordinated way to deal with estimating IMC. A portion of these speculations incorporate estimation of supreme IMC impact, relapse models, and IMC estimation after some time. Examination of these contentions, it is apparent that none of them give a powerful method of estimating UMC because of the complexities that outcome from the communications between various IMC apparatuses. As much as this contention is established dependent on the complexities that emerge when attempting to build up a powerful method of assessing IMC, it is as yet one of the most present points that are under investigation giving enough information that demonstrate its viability. All the more in this way, the estimation of the instruments of IMC autonomously gives information that can be utilized in the assessment of IMC. Along these lines, this paper infers that the different proportions of the IMC apparatuses is considerable enough to give a gauge and consequently decide the adequacy of IMC 1.0 Introduction The surfacing of IMC is the most significant delineation of advancement that has been acknowledged in the showcasing discipline (Kitchen, Kim Schultz, 2008). The expanded receptiveness on the planet economy has encouraged expanded rivalry, which has legitimately influenced the reasoning and dynamic inside numerous associations. Integrated promoting was created around twenty years prior when experts and academicians were building up a methodology that is reasonable enough to benefit a serious key situation inside an association. The beginning of 1990s saw the headway of IMC as a hotly debated issue in investigating showcasing methodology of numerous associations (Belch, 2004). As much as IMC has progressed as a showcasing procedure, Kitchen, Kim and Schultz (2008) contend that, the viability and consequently further improvement of IMC is subverted by the absence of proof on assessment or estimation of the IMC. This paper will fundamentally examine this contention to learn the validity of the end that was gotten from the above authors’ study. 2.0 Integrated Marketing Communication as a Theory As prior referenced the idea of IMC is still new, and a large portion of the speculations that clarify its application are still a work in progress and examination. At the point when the idea of IMC was first presented, showcasing and publicizing scholars were supportive of the idea, accepting that it offered favorable circumstances for the two fields. Then again, instructors in advertising were out properly contradicted to the idea (Reid, 2005). A decent number of researchers in the advertising field contended that not exclusively was IMC a type of government in promoting, yet additionally an infringement (Belch, 2004). This idea was created since IMC saw promotion as a feature of advertising utility while advertising as an administration work. This contention proceeded and brought about a few exploration considers being directed in the investigation of IMC. Estimation of IMC has been very testing with certain creators concurring with the explanation that there are no believable est imation methods for IMC, while others proposing that it is very conceivable to gauge IMC viably. The absence of successful and worthy estimation of IMC programs is a significant region of analysis. A few creators have contended that most estimations that are applied in the estimation of IMC programs depend on aberrant estimations through estimation of the yield of the projects instead of estimating the results of correspondence exercises in showcasing, which gives a superior comprehension of the impacts of estimation. Schultz and Kitchen (2000) contended that it is difficult to quantify many advertising exercises legitimately. All the more in this way, it is significantly progressively complex to discover the worth and effects of correspondence impacts. Along these lines, quantifiability as an issue influences both all promoting correspondence exercises and IMC programs. To completely incorporate this idea of un-quantifiability of IMC, this paper investigations the accessible hypotheses that give measures to estimating IMC. 2.1 Measuring supreme IMC Effect This is one of the principle speculations that attempt to help the contention that IMC is quantifiable. In any case, the idea of the showcasing condition restrains the quantifiability of IMC. This is a direct result of the transparency of the promoting condition to contending impacts and an assortment of boosts from around the world. In this manner, estimating the genuine impact of IMC is just reachable in a shut domain, for example, a research facility. This includes members in a trial that has a controlled gathering of members to have the option to gauge the impacts of various IMC programs. 2.2 Regression Models in estimating IMC This is likewise a significant hypothesize that attempts to give a pertinent measure to IMC. This is the most as often as possible methodology utilized in the estimation of IMC. Lee and Park (2007) are credited for building up a multidimensional device for estimating IMC. This device was planned dependent on relapse investigation for approving the scale. Then again, Reid (2005) investigated the connection between brand results and IMC process. The use of different relapse investigation empowered the specialist to break down the impacts of advertising factors adequately that are influenced by the degree of IMC consistency inside an association. Be that as it may, the issue of the utilization of relapse examination applied as far as possible the estimations to a particular channel of promoting correspondence. IMC includes combination of differing methods of showcasing correspondence, which constrains the practicability of relapse investigation as a methods for estimation. This is so si nce multicollinearity is inescapable in IMC while unsupported by relapse investigation. For example, if a relapse examination proportion of deals and brand estimation of an item, for example, BMW vehicles in the UK is created, the danger of multicollinearity is unavoidable because of the different correspondence directs applied in IMC (Reid, 2005). Along these lines, it is unrealistic to build up a relapse proportion of IMC for BMW vehicles in this nation because of the accessibility of different kinds of IMC apparatuses through which the client can be arrived at, for example, direct showcasing, individual selling, occasion sponsorship, media publicizing, deals advancements, and the web constraining the utilization of this device since it is difficult to tell how every one of these components influence the clients conduct in a coordinated structure (BMW Group in the UK, 2013). You read Coordinated Marketing Communications in classification Paper models 2.3 Measurement of IMC after some time The interlinks in the showcasing correspondence brings about a round procedure. Clearly conduct impacts mentalities and the other way around. For example, a consumer’s positive nature with a brand may compel the client to change the disposition and past systems or fortify the positive system that was in presence. In this manner, IMC depends on a drawn out synchronization of advancements and messages (Katrandjiev, 2000). IMC is recognized from the other promoting exercises in that it impacts the conduct of the objective gatherings. This occurs since IMC is arranged, made, executed and evaluated through investigation of purchaser conduct as far as present and future possibilities of buying an item or a help. The use of a longitudinal report gives a successful measure to IMC. Since a period factor is a need in estimating IMC, settlement of time as a factor has high odds of giving adequate and pragmatic outcomes. To build up a proportion of viability of IMC a correlation among it and the conventional promoting correspondence (TMC) is essential. Practicability of this measure in the business world is perplexing since it is unpredictable to apply both TMC and IMC so as to build up the viability of IMC in a particular association. A few hypotheses have been created in the ongoing past trying to build up the idea of IMC (Duncan, 2002; Schultz, Tannenbaum and Lauterborn, 1993, p.16). Be that as it may, a large portion of the formative speculations are established on clarifications including points of interest, definitions and acknowledgment. The primary issue confronting IMC is the proportion of its viability. A few ways to deal with giving measurements that can be utilized for estimating IMC have been created. A large number of the speculations of estimation of IMC are created dependent on the work led by Schultz and his partners. They led an examination in 1993, which reasoned that the IMC’s fundamental target is to make correspondence stages that help the present buying capacities everything being equal or even change future conduct possibilities. Shultz et al reasoned that the way toward estimating IMC ought to include estimation of every conduct part of the client that is in closeness to the real securing conduct as could be expected under the circumstances, and the procedure of estimation ought to be created as a feature of the arranging procedure. Be that as it may, the creators didn't prevail to gauge IMC viably because of the methodology they adopte

Iraq War Was Wrong Essay

The Iraq war was a frightful thing. It made numerous things occur. I’m against doing battle with them on the grounds that there were no weapons of mass devastation in Iraq as the US government asserted. One of the fundamental reasons recorded by George W Bush for the war was to make sure about Iraq’s compound and organic weapons, which didn't exist. Besides, there were no psychological oppressors in Iraq, and Iraq had no association with Sept. 11. We ought to have centered our assets in Afghanistan where the genuine psychological militants were. Thirdly, we were underprepared for the control of Iraq and couldn’t manage the rebellion that followed. Furthermore, in conclusion, the war was a gigantic misuse of assets which the US picked up nothing from. The United States lost more than 1,040 American warriors battling in this war we didn't get anything from. The war has harmed our nation monetarily enormously. Over $151.1 Billion has been out towards the war. I feel since from this result we shouldn’t have done battle with them. It’s a hard thing to get our nation through. Iraq was assaulted by the United States in the time of 2003. The US did battle with Iraq, on the grounds that on either the organization or disinformation, and the began reason have changed once again the time. The fundamental explanation given by the organization of George W. Hedge was that Saddam Hussein the pioneer of Iraq was occupied with having atomic weapons. Many idea that Hussein may utilize these weapons to assault against The United States. One of the primary purposes behind the assaults on Iraq was to incapacitate them of any weapons of mass annihilation that they have. This bodes well to forestall future psychological oppressor assaults, however no weapons of mass annihilation were in Iraq. Iraq used weapons of mass annihilation in the 1980’s however not from that point forward. Practically all of Iraq’s weapons of mass demolition were annihilated or in any case made unusable in the 1990’s. Additionally, Saddam needed to remain in power. Utilizing weapons of mass demolition would mean a definite end to his capacity. This raises doubt about whether attacking Iraq was advocated in light of the fact that the Bush organization ought to have realized that weapons of mass decimation in Iraq were viably contained. Since Iraq is successfully contained, it was not, at this point an impending danger to the United States or some other nations any longer. Saddam Hussein had never taken steps to assault the United States or to utilize weapons of mass pulverization disagreeably. Without a doubt, Iraq’s encompassing nations, for example, Kuwait and Iran abhorred Saddam Hussein, however they were not scared of him. They realized that Iraq was the most fragile nation in the locale. Iraq had been frail and leveled out since the Gulf War and has not disturbed its neighbors. In the event that Iraq isn't a danger, there was no motivation to be assaulting them. Iraq was not engaged with the September eleventh assaults. So for what reason did we do battle with them? Since, the war had proceeded, in light of the fact that the powers of the US were assaulted by Iraqi guerillas. The US upheld another vote based government inside Iraq, which was contradicted by different Islamic gatherings that held force in the nation. The US endeavored to control the progression of oil from Iraq, one of the biggest oil makers in the Middle East.

Living la vida lab rat

Living la vida lab rat A few entries back, Lena asked How did you get the job in the lab and are the experiments you do designed by yourself or postdocs, professors, and grad students? The easiest question there to answer is how I got my job. The summer before my sophomore year, I emailed about ten professors whose work looked interesting, including my resume and a short cover letter. I got responses from two faculty members, interviewed with one, and took the job. Ive been in that lab for two and a half years now; I work about 12-15 hours a week during term and 40 a week during summer and IAP. I have my name on a poster that was presented at the Society for Neuroscience meeting and on a paper thats being revised for publication in Cell. When I declared biology as my second major, I picked my UROP supervisor to be my biology advisor (if you have two majors, you get two advisors too), and he (apparently) wrote an absolutely stunning letter of recommendation for my graduate school applications. In the first project I worked on in the lab, the experiments were designed almost exclusively by the postdoc with whom I work directly, Albert. I was still learning how to do all the different lab protocols, and since I didnt know how to do most of them, I couldnt very well design my own experiments. Although I wasnt in charge of experimental design for this project, its not like Albert was hanging over my shoulder watching me do the experiments he usually doesnt bother me unless I ask for help. Alberts an MD/PhD, and works one day a week at Massachusetts General Hospital curing the sick, so even when I wasnt designing the experiments I had a lot of freedom and when Alberts not in the lab, I get to take over his desk! The project Ive been working on for the past year is my baby, and Ive done all of the technical work on it. Albert still helps me with experimental design, but I have a strong enough understanding of both the project and the technical options available to me that I have most of the control. Alberts always there to help me if I get confused or hit a dead end. I read all the literature regarding my proteins, and when we meet with Morgan (the professor in charge of our lab), its my job to prepare a short powerpoint presentation and explain our results to him. Albert says that if I finish the project by the time I graduate, I get to write the first draft of and be first author on the paper describing it. In some sort of larger sense, what I work on is constrained by what Morgan finds interesting if I woke up one day and wanted to start a totally new project unrelated to anything Morgans interested in, that probably wouldnt fly. Generally, youll get more freedom as you work longer in the lab and prove your competence to a greater degree, so good luck just walking into the office of a professor youve never worked for and proposing some crazy research project unrelated to their research goals. You dont generally get to do that as an undergrad hell, you dont generally get to do that as a grad student. You might get to do it as a postdoc. This is because science is run by the golden rule: he who has the gold makes the rules. In a proximal sense, the person with the gold is the professor (also called principal investigator or PI; in my case, Morgan) who runs the lab and gets NIH grants; in an ultimate sense, the government is the one with all the gold making all the rules. Science is overwhelmingly funded by grants from government agencies like the NIH, NSF, DOD, or DOE, and the research a given lab does is largely constrained by the optimization of what that lab finds interesting and what their favorite government agency is likely to fund. Until we get more rich friends like Howard Hughes (who started a foundation that lavishly funds the most promising 300 scientists in the US, twelve of whom are at MIT, including Morgan), thats the way things are going to be. This focus on doing research thats likely to be funded leads to what I like to call last sentence syndrome. The last sentence of every labs research description goes something like and this research will lend insight into the process by which [choose one: cells become cancerous, brains get Alzheimers, hearts get heart disease]. This is because the NIH is devoted to funding biomedical research, and likes to see that its buckets of money are being used to find cures. So when they see that last sentence, the NIH is all yayyyy! and the scientist getting the funding is all yayyyy! and the public reads about it in the newspaper and is all yayyyyy! and the people with life-threatening illnesses are all so that cure for my life-threatening illness that you said was going to happen with gene-transfer therapy ten years ago and with stem cells last year did you send that by FedEx? Because I HAVENT GOTTEN IT and maybe FedEx has the wrong address. kthxbye. So the moral of the story is that freedom is relative in science. And that we all need more rich friends. My week, and my weekend. I worked in the lab 30 hours this week. This was, of course, in addition to taking three classes, cheerleading, and answering an absurd number of questions on CC. And fun stuff, like walking home from work with Jessie, eating pizza in Bens office with the other bloggers, interviewing five GRT candidates for my living group, and stopping by Bens office and talking for an hour, resulting in me being late to cook dinner for Adam and Ben writing me an excuse note. So it was a good week, just extraordinarily exhausting. And Adam and I decided we needed to get off-campus and go out to dinner and see a movie. I wanted to see V for Vendetta because Id heard it was a gripping dystopic view of a totalitarian society; Adam wanted to see it because he heard that lots of stuff got blown up. Well, at least we both wanted to see it. We hopped on the T and got off at Kenmore Square, where we ate dinner at the Pizzeria Uno next to Fenway Park. (One of the best things about going to school next to a major city is that its really easy to get off-campus and eat at restaurants and do fun stuff. One of the best things about going to school next to Boston is that there are so many college students in town that you can do those things on a budget.) After that, we went to the movie (which was amazing) at the Fenway AMC, where I had to eat my apple pie from the restaurant with a straw because there were no plastic forks. It actually worked pretty well I slurped up the ice cream, then scooped the pie crust and speared the apples. Necessity is the mother of invention. Again. After the show ended, we hopped back on the T and got back to campus around 11. It was a nice little night on the town. Short answers to questions. 1. Anonymous asked Does anyone know how the proportion of women to men breaks down by department? Ask and ye shall receive. 2. A course 7 prospective wrote I was wondering if you could direct me to an entry that talks about the grad school application process. Im currently a freshie at MIT and was just curious about the grad school application process. My GPA is not looking too hot right now and I was wondering what a typical or range of GPAs would be for admission into a grad school (like the ones that you were admitted into; and congrats very much on ur successes! :)) and how much it matters that you attend a HYPMS/MIT vs. say a state school. (like will they even factor that inthat you went to a school w/ very little grade inflation?) First, heres my entry on grad school admissions. Second, yes, grad schools will most definitely consider the fact that you went to MIT. I had a 4.4(/5.0) when I applied, and I got into more (and better) programs than friends of mine from other schools who had 3.9(/4.0) or 4.0(/4.0) averages. At UC Berkeley, Stanford, and Harvards recruitment weekends, a little over 10% of the prospective students were from MIT. Think about how unlikely that is just from a sheer numbers perspective many, many students from state schools with 4.0s were passed over in favor of the MIT kids with imperfect grades. We have stellar research experience, and thats what graduate schools care about. If you shoot for an overall GPA of between 4.2 and 4.5 at MIT, you should be fine as long as you have plenty of research under your belt. Finally, I will note that your GPA will almost certainly go up from what it is freshman year. First term freshman year, I got a 3.25(/5.0) or would have, if first term werent pass/no record! and second term I got a 4.0/5.0, with a C in 8.02. Ive pulled two straight 4.8s in the last two terms, and now have a solid 4.5.

Elemental Composition of the Human Body by Mass

This is a table of the elemental composition of the human body by mass for a 70 kg (154 lb) person. The values for any particular person may be different, especially for the trace elements. Also, the element composition does not scale linearly. For example, a person who is half the mass may not contain half the amount of a given element. The molar amount of the most abundant elements is given in the table. You may also wish to view the element composition of the human body in terms of mass percent. Reference: Emsley, John, The Elements, 3rd ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998 Table of Elements in the Human Body by Mass oxygen 43 kg (61%, 2700 mol) carbon 16 kg (23%, 1300 mol) hydrogen 7 kg (10%, 6900 mol) nitrogen 1.8 kg (2.5%, 129 mol) calcium 1.0 kg (1.4%, 25 mol) phosphorus 780 g (1.1%, 25 mol) potassium 140 g (0.20%, 3.6 mol) sulfur 140 g (0.20%, 4.4 mol) sodium 100 g (0.14%, 4.3 mol) chlorine 95 g (0.14%, 2.7 mol) magnesium 19 g (0.03%, 0.78 mol) iron 4.2 g fluorine 2.6 g zinc 2.3 g silicon 1.0 g rubidium 0.68 g strontium 0.32 g bromine 0.26 g lead 0.12 g copper 72 mg aluminum 60 mg cadmium 50 mg cerium 40 mg barium 22 mg iodine 20 mg tin 20 mg titanium 20 mg boron 18 mg nickel 15 mg selenium 15 mg chromium 14 mg manganese 12 mg arsenic 7 mg lithium 7 mg cesium 6 mg mercury 6 mg germanium 5 mg molybdenum 5 mg cobalt 3 mg antimony 2 mg silver 2 mg niobium 1.5 mg zirconium 1 mg lanthanum 0.8 mg gallium 0.7 mg tellurium 0.7 mg yttrium 0.6 mg bismuth 0.5 mg thallium 0.5 mg indium 0.4 mg gold 0.2 mg scandium 0.2 mg tantalum 0.2 mg vanadium 0.11 mg thorium 0.1 mg uranium 0.1 mg samarium 50 g beryllium 36 g tungsten 20 g

The Treasury Department s Actions - 806 Words

The Treasury Department’s Actions During the largest recession the United States has seen since the great depression, the Treasury Department sprung into action to stave off another depression. Within a short period of time after the housing bubble burst, financial institutions started to fail. Credit and liquidity virtually vanished within days. The government was forced to react quickly to thwart a complete financial collapse. An estimate from the public interest group Better Markets has calculated the cost of the recession close to $12.8 trillion (Puzzanghera, 2012). This number is criticized since it includes losses in economic output, GDP, and bail-outs, while home equity losses and consumer net wealth are not. This figure does give a good idea of the magnitude of the Treasury Department’s actions. A multitude of industries, and companies received direct financial aid. The government identified key economic areas where policies were needed, and provided credit and liquidity for growth in those are as. The quick response of the Treasury Department helped in reducing the negative effects of the financial crisis. The three economic theories that I identified in this financial crisis consist of classical economics, Keynesian economics, and aggregate market (AS-AD) analysis. There was also a fear of monetarism which has not come to fruition at this time. Economic Theories Classical economics is considered one of the original economic theories. It is based on theShow MoreRelatedThe Division Of Foreign Assets Control773 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Division of Foreign Assets Control was established in the Office of International Finance by a Treasury Department order in 1950, after People s Republic of China entered the Korean War. 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The core mission of the Department of Homeland Security include prevent terrorism and enhancing security, secure and manage our borders, enforce and administer our immigration laws, safeguard and secure cyberspace, ensure resilience to disasters (Department of HomelandRead MoreThe Mission Of The Division Of Taxation951 Words   |  4 PagesDivision s statutory mandates. N.J.A.C. 18.1- 1.1(a). The Division is responsible for the collection of 39 different taxes and fees. The Division audits tax returns and taxpaying entities, processes tax refunds and rebates, takes collection and enforcement actions to secure tax liabilities, investigates tax matters having civil or criminal potential, and provides other tax-related services to the public and tax practitioners. 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High School vs. University Free Essays

Every September, high school graduates must prepare for the drastic transformation from high school to university. High school is a teaching environment which a student acquires facts and skills. University is a learning environment in which a student must take responsibility for thinking and applying what you have learned. We will write a custom essay sample on High School vs. University or any similar topic only for you Order Now This step in life students will either adjust to or struggle with. High school students are told university life is exciting, unpredictable, and entertaining. Also, students are informed university life is costly, demanding, and stressful. In order to adapt to the transition, students must understand and recognize the different teaching styles, testing, and grading. Teaching styles change as class sizes vary. Teachers in High school cover course material in depth and over a long period of time. Professors cover textbook material quickly. High school teachers check homework, remind students of incomplete work, and approach students if assistance is needed. Professors do not check completed homework and will assume students can complete the same tasks on tests. It is left up to the student to communicate with their professors in order to receive extensions ensuring the student will not be penalized. Professors do not approach students or notice students who are struggling. Therefore, students may approach professor in given office hours for one-on-one help. Finally, in university due to large class sizes and minimal lecture time keeping up with assignments and readings is critical. Cramming the night before a test and receiving a good grade is more likely to occur in high school, where testing in subjects is very frequent. Preparation for testing becomes more crucial in university because tests are infrequent, covering large amounts of material. Also, students in high school may be awarded a make up test normally without an explanation. Whereas in university, in order to receive a make up test a reasonable explanation must be given. Review classes are given in high school to help prepare students and give them a clear idea of the material that will be tested. Rarely, are review sessions provided for university students, if they are, professors expect participation from students who attend. Success on tests can be mastered by applying acquired knowledge to new situations or to solve new problems. The grading system becomes very important as students enter university. High school students are used to courses that are usually structured to a â€Å"good-faith effort†. In high school grades are given for most assignments. Students are also given grades for consistently good homework, which may help boost marks when test grades are low. Students who may not have a good overall mark occasionally have the opportunity to complete extra credit projects. Comparing this to university grades on tests and major papers usually provide most of the course grade. Extra credit projects are not normally allowed to raise a grade in a university course. Therefore, the â€Å"good-faith effort† is important in regard to the professor’s willingness to help students achieve good results; it will not substitute for results in the grading process. Adjustment is required for a high school graduate to be successful in university. Before entering university, high school students must be aware of these differences. Therefore, they must know how to adapt to new teaching styles, to successfully prepare themselves for testing, and the changes in grading systems. Recognizing these differences before entering a university can help prepare students for greater success. How to cite High School vs. University, Essay examples

There are many types of software development model Essays

There are many types of software development models with many different uses, pros and cons. This essay will list four different software models and their uses. The first software model is Six Stigma. Six Stigma is known as the perfectionist of the software model world and is used by major companies due to it's high success rate. Six Stigma tends to be very strict on their defect policy and only allows companies to produce 3.4 defects out of every million products. A defect is anything outside of a customer's specification. This has caused Six Stigma to have an extremely thorough policy. Six Stigma has two different routines for two different types of businesses and their necessities. For businesses that already exist and are falling below S.S. standards, there is the D.M.A.I.C. (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) system. And for projects and/or products that haven't launched yet, there is D.M.A.D.V (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify). Though, many people tend to roll their eyes at Six Stigma and say that it is a waste of time and not necessary but most of the time those are people that don't know how to correctly use it. Though, this hasn't stopped Six Stigma from having Black Belt employees that save approximately $230,000 per project and can complete 4 to 6 projects in a year. In fact, General Electric, a large company that uses Six Stigma has estimated benefits on the order of $10 billion during the first five years of implementations. The second software model to discuss is Waterfall. Waterfall is a sequential design process. Process is seen as flowing steadily downwards and through conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, production, and maintenance. About 20-40% of time is dedicated to the first two phases and 30-40% is dedicated to coding. The rest is dedicated to testing and production. Waterfall was originally specifically for manufacturing and construction but the cases progressively got more costly and harder to fix, causing them to swap to a more office software' field. Waterfall is a bit more aged than the rest. When Waterfall first launched, there was no real formal software developments that existed yet. Waterfall actually converted into software modeling. The Third software model would be Scrum. Scrum is often perceived as methodology but is more of a framework for the management process. Scrum is all about teamwork and believe that there should be no dictating leader of a group. For instance, when a new project is made or launched, many decisions are left up to the scrum software team because they are trained to solve problems. Scrum heavily relies on a strong, independent, self-organizing, cross-functional team of software designers. Cross-functional as in the fact that without the help of every team-mate, they wouldn't be able to turn a feature into an implementation. Agile is our last software model and it is mostly known to be paired with Scrum. Agile is a set of Values and principles for software development which are constantly evolving as technology changes. Agile is very big on accepting change and adapting to new advances in the technological world, plus, a rapid response to it. Agile truly and heavily believes in face-to-face communication with customers and workers as well.

The Scarlet Letter Plot Summary

'The Scarlet Letter' Plot Summary The Scarlet Letter is an 1850 novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne set in Boston, then the Massachusetts Bay Colony, in the mid-17th century (about fifty years before the nearby Salem Witch Trials). It tells the story of the relationship between the Puritan community and Hester Prynne, the protagonist, after it is discovered that she bore a child out of wedlock- an act that cuts against society’s religious values. As punishment for her actions, Prynne is forced to wear a scarlet â€Å"A,† which, as it is never said outright, presumably stands for â€Å"adultery† or â€Å"adulterer.† The narrative, which is framed by an introductory piece entitled â€Å"The Custom-House,† depicts the seven years following Prynne’s crime. The Custom-House This introduction, written by a nameless first-person narrator who shares many biographical details with the book’s author, serves as the main narrative’s framework. In this section, the narrator, who has an interest in writing, tells of how he works as a surveyor at the Salem Custom House- a moment he takes as an opportunity mainly to disparage and mock his colleagues, many of whom are older and have secured lifetime appointments through family connections. This section takes place in the mid-19th century, and, as such, the Custom House has much less activity than it did during its heyday two centuries earlier. As a result, the narrator spends a good deal of his time snooping about in the attic of the building, whereupon he finds an old piece of red cloth in the shape of the letter â€Å"A,† as well as a century-old manuscript by a previous surveyor named Jonathan Pue, about a series of local events from a century even before his time. The narrator reads this manuscript, and then reflects on how his Puritan ancestors, whom he holds in high esteem, would have looked down on him writing a work of fiction, but, after he loses his job as a result of a shift in local politics, he does so anyway. His text, loosely based on the Pue manuscript, becomes the basis of the novel. The Scarlet Letter In mid-17th century Puritan Boston, then the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a local woman, Hester Prynne, is discovered to have had a child out of wedlock. This is a major offense in the extremely religious community. As punishment she is made to stand for several hours with her child, Pearl, in  a stocks on a scaffold in the town square, and then to wear a scarlet A embroidered on her clothing for the remainder of her days. While standing on the scaffold, exposed to the public, Prynne is hectored by both the mob and the prominent members of the town, including the adored minister Arthur Dimmesdale, to name the child’s father- but she stalwartly refuses. Also while she is standing there, she sees a white man, guided in by a Native American man, enter the scene at the back of the mob. Prynne and this man make eye contact, but he puts a finger in front of his lips. After the spectacle, Prynne is brought to her prison cell, where she is visited by a doctor; this is the man she had seen at the back of the crowd, who is also, it turns out, her husband, Roger Chillingworth, recently arrived from England after having been thought dead. They have an open and amiable conversation about each of their shortcomings in their marriage, but when Chillingworth demands to know the identity of the child’s father, Prynne continues to refuse to reveal it. Upon her release from prison, Prynne and her daughter move to a small cottage on the edge of the town, where she devotes herself to needlework (producing work of notable quality), and helping others in need as best she can. Their isolation eventually starts to affect Pearl’s behavior, as lacking playmates other than her mother, she grows into a rambunctious and unruly little girl. Her behavior starts to attract the townspeople’s attention, so much so that members of the church recommend that Pearl be taken away from Prynne in order to receive better supervision. This, obviously, greatly upsets Prynne, who goes to speak with Governor Bellingham. With the governor are the town’s two ministers, and Prynne appeals to Dimmesdale directly as part of her argument against the townspeople’s motions. Her plea wins him over, and he tells the governor that Pearl should remain with her mother. They return to their cottage as before, and, over the course of several year s, Prynne begins to earn herself back into the town’s good graces through her helpful deeds. Around this time, the minister’s health begins to worsen, and it is suggested that Chillingworth, the new physician in town, take up residence with Dimmesdale to watch over him. The two get along at first, but as Dimmesdale’s health deteriorates, Chillingworth begins to suspect that his condition is in some way the manifestation of psychological distress. He begins to ask Dimmesdale about his mental state, which the minister resents; this pushes them apart. One night, shortly thereafter, Chillingworth sees on Dimmesdale’s chest, while the latter is sleeping, a symbol that represents the minister’s guilt. Dimmesdale then, tormented by his guilty conscience, wanders one night into the town square and stands upon the scaffold where, several years before, he had looked upon Prynne as the town antagonized her. He acknowledges his guilt within himself, but cannot bring himself to do so publicly. While there, he runs into Prynne and Pearl, and he and Prynne finally discuss the fact that he is Pearl’s father. Prynne also determines that she will reveal this fact to her husband.  Pearl, meanwhile, is wandering around beside her parents throughout this conversation, and repeatedly asks Prynne what the Scarlet A stands for, but her mother never responds with a serious answer. Shortly thereafter, they meet again in the forest, and Prynne informs Dimmesdale of Chillingworth’s desire for revenge on the man who usurped him. As such, they make a plan to return together to England, which gives the minister a new bout of health and enables him to give one of his most rousing sermons at Election Day a few days later. As the procession leaves the church, though, Dimmesdale climbs up onto the scaffold to confess his relationship with Prynne, at which point he promptly dies in her arms. Later, there is much discussion amongst the townspeople over a mark seen upon the minister’s chest, which many claim was in the shape of an â€Å"A.† With this affair now effectively settled, Chillingworth soon dies, leaving Pearl a large inheritance, and Prynne voyages to Europe, though she returns several years later and resumes wearing the scarlet letter. At some point thereafter she dies, and is buried in the same plot as Dimmesdale.

Amphoteric Definition and Examples

Amphoteric Definition and Examples An amphoteric substance is one that can act as either an acid or a base, depending on the medium. The word comes from the Greek amphoteros  or amphoteroi, meaning each or both of two and, essentially, either acid or alkaline. Amphiprotic molecules are a type of amphoteric species that either donates or accepts a proton (H), depending on the conditions. Not all amphoteric molecules are amphiprotic. For example, ZnO acts as a Lewis acid, which can accept an electron pair from OH but cannot donate a proton. Ampholytes are amphoteric molecules that exist primarily as zwitterions over a given pH range and have both acidic groups and basic groups. Here are some examples of amphoterism: Metal oxides or hydroxides are amphoteric. Whether a metal compound acts as an acid or a base depends on the oxide oxidation state.Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is an acid in water but is amphoteric in superacids.Amphiprotic molecules, such as amino acids and proteins, are amphoteric.

Hw 3-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hw 3-2 - Essay Example Management, however, in other organizations, deal with organization, planning, staffing, leading and controlling a company. Barton’s trip to the bookstore and late night studying expounded his knowledge on IT. The materials, though educative, were confusing Barton. He got to learn just how the IT world is complicated (Austin, Nolan and O’Donnell 48). Barton understood now why there were so many layers of OSI cables. After reading the book, he also understood why the cables were so complicated. Barton’s meeting did not go as plan due to various reasons. First and foremost, people at the meeting did not welcome Barton’s proposal of an off-site company meeting. He did not expect anybody to reject his proposal. He also expected a quick acceptance and then a session of planning for his event (Austin, Nolan and O’Donnell 36). However, Barton was wrong. His thoughts were all in vain. For instance, Fenton made it clear that he did not fancy incorporating people such as John Cho in the off-site meeting and Gordon also supported him (Austin, Nolan and O’Donnell 36). Barton also did not expect the members at the meeting to make the situation of the company more badly than it was, but since they did not agree on anything matter went the way he did not expect. IT organizational structure is set the way it is because the overall business model for an IT organization comprises of lots of sections due to the complexity of the business itself. This is to make sure that all technological elements are dealt with in the company (Austin, Nolan and O’Donnell 48). An IT organization is structured the way it is because this complex structure tends to offer exceptional synergy as it offers many means of achieving organizational goals. IT is also connected directly to finance. Therefore, a CIO is a direct report to a CFO in an IT

The Effects of Merger and Acquisitions on the Recent Worldwide Assignment

The Effects of Merger and Acquisitions on the Recent Worldwide Financial Crisis - Assignment Example Mergers occur when two or more entities come together (in a form of partnership) to form a single trading unit- the entities cease to exist and form a new firm. A good example is the merger of two banks Lloyds TSB and HBOS, following the global financial crisis, to form Lloyds TSB-HBOS (Rosenbaum, 2009). Acquisitions on the other hand, refer to one entity, the bidding company, taking over a target entity, by acquiring, through purchase, of its stakes that could include shares, stocks (majority control of its capital) or assets. For example, Lehman Brothers was declared bankrupt (at a debt of 613 Billion Dollars) due to the recent global financial crisis was bailed out by the American Federal Government (Mihm, 2010). Therefore, the major distinction between mergers and acquisition is the position of the shareholders. In mergers, the shareholders exchange their shares for shares of the new entity, while in Acquisitions; the target company is bought out, with shareholders paid in cash o r debt. Objectives of Mergers and Acquisitions The current wave of M&A began in 2005. A report by the International Monetary Fund indicates that, during this time, the world’s real GDP grew by 4.8%. ... Many business firms opt for M&A due to many reasons. To state briefly, it is argued most firms, go for M&A, to cut on production costs; that, it is cost effective in the long run to merge with or acquire a firm producing a raw material for the larger firm. This saves on market exchange costs while the synergy due to M&A cuts on departmental and running costs, compared to an increased revenue stream from a large market share and a centralized management. Secondly, M&A is seen to achieve competitive advantage, due to new market knowledge and goodwill acquired, territorial advantage of the native firm acquired. A firm will merge or acquire another, and excel in the new market, due to the knowledge and experience of the target entity, as opposed to efforts of the bidding company going to it alone, in the foreign market (Shan & Hamilton, 1991). Another reason for M&A is the financial advantage of tax reliefs. It is argued that a company which reports loses, is more likely to be bought off by another profitable one, as the target company’s reported loss will be utilized in reducing tax liability. However, most governments like the United States have legislations that limit and check against this practice (Mihm, 2010). A statistical study by Emirates Centre for Strategic Studies & Research indicated that, the Arabian banks and Companies, which are smaller in size compared to similar foreign institutions needed to merge so as to remain globally competitive. Also, indicated in the report is because, in the first three quarters of 2008, there were 48 mergers in the Middle East only (Emirates Centre for Strategic Studies and Research, 2009). Shan & Hamilton in their article â€Å"country-specific advantage and

Macro Environment of Nestle

Macro Environment of Nestle Nestlà © is the worlds largest food company and has held offices in the UK as early as the 1860s. Nestlà © was originally made up of three major companies: Nestlà ©, the Anglo- Swiss Condensed Milk Company and Rowntrees of York. In 1905 Nestlà © merged with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company and quickly became known for infant formula, chocolates and tinned milks. In 1939 Nestlà © launched Nescafà © in the UK, which became an immediate success for instant coffee (Nestlà © UK, 2012). In 1988 Nestlà © obtained Rowntrees of York and has since invested over  £200 million into the York site and  £100 million in their Tutbury factory. Between the years of 2006 2011, Nestlà © invested  £224 million in their UK sites (Nestlà © UK, 2012). With 6,500 employees across 20 different locations in the UK and exporting as much as  £300 million worth of products each year to 50 different countries, Nestlà © is not only a major employer in the UK, but also one of the UKs food industrys major exporters (Nestlà © UK, 2012). In 2002, Nestlà © UK acquired Ski Yoghurt from Nestlà © Australia and six years later in 2008, Ski Yoghurt was re-launched with only natural ingredients combining real fruit with thick, creamy tasting yoghurt and no artificial colours, flavours or preservatives (Nestlà © AU, 2012). 1.2 Previous Positioning of Ski Ski yogurt is currently positioned as a naturally delicious product and its positioning strategy focuses mainly on its fruit heritage and its value to the consumer. After the last re-launch of 2008, the new re-designed packaging tries to connect ski back to nature and puts forward an all natural ingredients story by featuring plenty of fruits in their natural environment for every flavour (Appendices 9.1). 2. Situational Analysis 2.1 Macro environmental analysis In the analysing of the macro environment of the product category, PEEST analysis is used to identifiy five main forces which affect marketing decision-making. The five forces analysed are political-legal factors, ecological-physical factors, economic factors, social-cultural factors and technological factors. (P)olitical Legal factors: EFSA bro-biotic dossiers companies that have vested interest in functional health adopt a more cautious approach or focus on benefits that have secured EFSA approval (Mintel, 2012). Trade negotiations under WTO. Bilateral trade deals (Doha, 2011). Compliance with legislation is becoming more costly April 2012 Dairy UK intention to sign up to the Department of Healths calorie reduction pledge which aims to support and enable consumers to eat and drink fewer calories on daily bases. (E)cological Physical factors: Environmentally friendly, reduced packaging is being promoted by the government (recycling good for corporate social responsibility image) Climate change adaptations Water management is an emerging priority (E)conomic factors: Unemployment rates on the rise, reaching 8.4% during January 2012 (Trading Economics, 2012) Economic growth of the market UK yoghurt market grows in a slow but steady pace over the last year at a rate of approximately 2.5% (Mintel, 2012) (S)ocial Cultural factors: Good intentions, such as not snacking between meals and eating more fiber, have become less of a priority in the recent years. Preoccupation with trying to loose weight Adults within a family are expected to remain the largest population segment Strong growth expected in the number of children between 5 and 9 years old Projected increase of one-person households (contribute less to volume sales of yoghurt). (T)echnological factors: The use of the internet through online grocery retailing directly influenced the supply chain, operations and processes of grocery and food retailers Online retail shopping has gained considerable popularity due to the increased accessed to broadband internet in the UK; 70% of overall market are broadband users (Keynote, 2010) Lack of applied RD and knowledge exchange as Government reduces funding 2.2 Micro Environmental Analysis In order to analyse the companys both internal and external environment, the SWOT analysis is used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the organisation as well as the opportunities and threats from within its market environment. SWOT Analysis: Strengths Ski is apart of a global established brand Nestlà © Nestlà © stands for product Innovation Strong promotional activities e.g. Exclusive gifts as a part of their promotional offers Product availability and distribution to all major stores Perceived as a quality brand Strong historical background One of the first in the yogurt market Strong ability to recover from market share loss in the short term (2008) Weaknesses Frequent re-launches over the years lacks consistency Weak TV advertisements Very weak presence on social media platforms less interactive and informational, lacking updates Current positioning is not consistent with the current image of Ski, therefore its losing its roots Frequent re-launches over the years lacks consistency Opportunities Over three quarters of yogurt users view Ski as a healthy alternative to other treats (Mintel, 2012) Use of social media is growing extremely fast Backing of Nestle known as a established brand Spoonable yogurt represents over four fifths of the yogurt market (87%) (Mintel, 2012) Consumer engagement Capitalize on organic/historic brand positioning Increase of online advertising Increase of use of internet Increase of nutritional awareness Threats Decrease in popularity Higher competition from competitors Competitors stealing market share Due to the Economic downturn consumers switch to store-brands (Mintel, 2012) Customers choosing healthier or non dairy yoghurt options Brand loyalty Customers not making the switch from their usual brand to trying Ski Only gaining an older demographic because of history and recognition Nestle boycotts within the UK 2.3 Market Trends Overall since 2007, there has been a 0.9% increase in the eating of yoghurt, with an increase 7.1% in heavy users, and decreases of 1.9% and 5.2% in medium and light users respectively. The yoghurt market in the UK is saturated, making it hard to add new users. Yoghurt is considered a healthy option, with low fat varieties making up 56% of purchases. The growth of low-fat yoghurts, at 1.9%, has been faster than that of standard yoghurt, at 0.6%. Those in families are more likely to eat yoghurt compared with those not. The group that buys the most yoghurt is that of women and households with children aged 1-9. An increase in the number of 5-9 year olds of 11% is expected between 2012 and 2017, meaning the number of people in the above group will expand, giving potential for more growth. More affluent families are also more likely to be consumers of yoghurt, and are likely to consumer more of it (Mintel, 2012). 2.4 Competitors Within the dairy market in the UK, retailers own-label products have significally increased the competition since due to the economic downturns of the last several years, consumers tend to switch towards them. The two bigger players of the market are Danome and Muller which together capture 60% of the spoonable yogurt sales and continue to dominate the market. The direct competitors of the Ski yoghurt are Activia, Muller, Yoplait, Yeo Valley, Onken, Munch Bunch, Weight /watchers and own-label products (Appendices 9.2). 3. Objectives The roles of objectives play an important part of the overall campaign. Both the marketing and communications objectives provide direction, focus, values, and a time frame, while also providing a means by which the success of the campaign can be evaluated (Fill, 2009) 3.1 Marketing objectives Increase market share by 1% by June 2013. Increase volume of sales by 20% by June 2013 3.2 Communication Objectives Increase re-launch brand awareness by 30% by June 2013 Impart nutritional knowledge, brand heritage and Ski yoghurt diet plan to both males and females, ages 25-40 within the first 2 months of the re-launch. Build project the position of a healthy, active, and convenient product image of Ski to both males and females, 25-40 years old within the first 4 months of re-launch. Increase shelf space in supermarkets by 20% by June 2013 Expand saturation on trade grounds by 15% by June 2013 20,000 consumers to sample the product by the end of the campaign-June 2013 4.0 Consumer Strategy 4.1 Segmentation Demographic Trends According to Mintel (2011), The group that buys the most yoghurt is that of women and households with children aged 1-9. The current target market of Nestlà © is working mothers, aged bwtween 35-44 years old with older kids. However, an 11% increase in the number of children aged 5-9 year olds is expected between 2012 and 2017. (REPEAT and needs a Reference). This gives potential of growth and more affluent families being more likely to be yoghurt consumers, and are likely to consumer more of it (Mintel, 2011). In terms of social class, AB, C1 and C2, social class who are professionals, supervisory and skill manual workers, the geographic location of these classes is in United Kingdom. Hence, the yoghurt market should focus on British customers to gain an effective marketing strategy. Behavioural/Psychographic Trends The reason being that British customers are more concerned with their health. More and more, they consider calories consumed and fat content to ensure that they are eating well. Their healthy lifestyle can safeguard them from the widespread obesity epidemic (Key note, 2012). Some customers, who find themselves lack of time having proper food, consume snacks instead of main meals. Yogurt is the choice of healthy food of this target market, containing essential nutrition to make them healthier (Mintel, 2011) 4.2 Target Audience Ski Yogurt is marketing to group of people who prefer natural yogurt products in effective quality and sufficient quantities. This target audience covers; working mothers aged 25-50 with older children. Our target audience would be A, B, C1 and C2 (Appendices 9.3) which primarily concern with health and nutrition. We will expand our target audiences network with family who would like active activities and has busy lifestyle. 4.3 Pen Profile Within the Ski consumer strategy, young families, especially mothers who take a considerable interest in both their appearance and health will be targeted. In addition, young working people that like outdoor activities such as exercising, walking, and socializing. Also, someone who is of a higher social class, and will therefore typically think more about nutrition in trying maintain a more attractive physical appearance. A good approach to reach the target audiences is through advertising messages on television; press media and outdoor media that attract the consumers. Alternatively, a more efficient communication network is through social media such as Facebook and Twitter. Accordingly, marketing activity will adapt and respond to changes in customer behavior. 4.4 Positioning The aim of the campaign would be to maintain the current positioning of Ski as a healthy and natural product choice and focus on strengthening the healthy aspect of the product as well as introducing the convenience factor. The ultimate goal of the campaign would be to move Ski yogurt towards a healthier position among the competitors within the perception map (Appendices 9.4). 4.5 Creative strategy Strap line: How do YOU doSKI? From Skis previous re-launch in 2008, it has been positioned as a brand with high nutritional value using only natural ingredients, and no artificial colours, flavours or preservatives (Nestlà ©, 2012). The Ski UK brand is one that naturally composes historical and nutritional value while also being backed by Nestlà ©, one of the biggest food distributors in the UK. Starting in January of 2013, Ski UK will begin their re-launch by focusing on the promotion of new beginnings, and will accordingly play an important role in influencing consumers to aim for a healthier and happier lifestyle in the new-year. By enhancing their current traits, the re-launch and creative strategy of Ski will be positioned as an active brand with high nutritional value and convenience for those with a busy lifestyle. In order to support the re-branding of Ski, the colours will change from its current blue, white and red to a more unique and fresh white, black and green. The new colour of Ski will directly reflect the active and green-friendly image of the brand. Ski yoghurt will be seen as a product that will enhance your overall health, happiness and lifestyle. The logo will also change to differentiate Ski from its competitors and to reflect the new positioning of the overall Ski UK brand. Also, the Nestle logo, currently on the packaging will become smaller to give the consumer the feel of a more organic, and family-owned product (Appendices 9.5). It is shown that the attractiveness of packaging affects the volume of sales and packaging can be essential in affecting the positioning of a product (Fill, 2009). In order to attract the attention of Skis target market, the packaging of Ski will become more durable, sustainable and pleasing to the eye to reflect the new active and green image of the brand. The basis of the re-launch will be based around the new slogan: How do YOU doSKI? In the advertisements, the produced concept will introduce new ways of eating and using Ski yoghurt. People will be shown how they can DoSki. This will be shown through sports activities like football, young professionals with busy lifestyles and health-conscious families. The look and feel of a product will change while still holding on to its natural heritage and nutritional value. The overall goal within the Ski UK re-launch and creative strategy is to enhance the product. 5.0 Communication mix 5.1. Media Planning The media plan of the campaign will take place within a six month time period, which is broke down into 24 weeks for precision. The brand can take advantage of the spirit after the New Year by initiating an image of a new start, new beginning and changed behaviors. Thus, the repackaging, and the pre and post-testing of the new design will take place three weeks before New Year. Advertising among business clients will take place in the third week of the repackaging and in the first week of the communication campaign delivered by B2B print media. The developed company website and a new Facebook page will start at the same time but remain active throughout the whole period of the campaign. In order to attract the consumers attention, the first week of the media activities plan will start with TV advertisements. During January, February and the first week of March, the tools used will help create awareness among non-users and regular or inconsistent users. Apart from TV commercials, these tools include online and outdoor media. From week 10 (second week of March) to week 13, print, online, outdoor and TV media will be used to inform people about the competition-taking place in weeks 14 and 15 (middle of April), which is intended to provoke interest among customers. During the competition, online media will remain active as well as sampling, which would create desire among people. Sales promotion will start in the second week of the competition (week 15) and will be used again throughout the whole month of March. Meanwhile, online media will be used after the end of the competition to the end of the campaign in June to inform people about its results. In addition, print and outdoor media is implemented in the end of June in order to prompt customers about the competition and its beneficial outcomes. Successfully, at the end of the campaign a complete AIDA model would be applied. Appendix 9.6 shows a detailed media plan including time frame and Appendix 9.7 shows the budget of the campaign. 5.2.1 Advertising Most marketing communications campaigns rely on advertising as it is an important communication mix tool and is best used for awareness as it is has the potential to reach a large number of target audiences with simple and understandable message content. Hence Ski has given emphasizes to their advertising campaigns with their amounting to  £72,6277; the highest amongst other communication mixes. This includes the production cost of advertisements in the communication mix. Advertising would give Ski an excellent platform to control the message, content, show-case creativity, and give it a competitive advantage to their competition. This would enable the increase of brand / product awareness, associations and encourage the change in consumer perceptions including their involvement with the advertisement. Their prime communication objective is awareness. The emphasis on the strategy for Ski is to introduce better understanding of the yoghurts features. Broadcast Television This broadcast medium has a huge influence over mass coverage and it makes a good platform for skis target segment. Skis budget allocated to the TV commercials would cost  £420,121. The commercials would air during the time slots, 11.00 to 21.30 between weeks 1 to week 13. The chosen channels would be ITV 1(This morning, Early evening news and Movie / drama) and ITV 2 (all-day campaign). Through this time slot allocation, Ski would be able to target mothers during the morning slots and during news and drama slots the message can be sent to families with younger children. ITV would air the commercials to increase awareness of the product between weeks 1 to week 5 at various time slots. In week 12 and 13, the media would air commercials promoting an upcoming sports event for schools. Print media Ski will use print media as a part of their awareness strategy as it has a huge impact on mass audience because of its easy access and availability to mass audiences. The target audience of The Sun would be parents, both working parents and stay-home mothers. The Sun is one of the leading daily newspapers in the UK with a readership of more than 2 million per day (Insight, 2011a). The advertisement in The Sun will appear in 6 issues in week 10 and 11 and the results of the event will feature in 2 issues during the last 2 weeks of the campaign. The Grocer will focus on business to business advertisements to attract the interests of potential clients to promote Skis products in the stores. These advertisements would feature in the magazine during the pre-launch weeks and the first week of the campaign. Additionally, before the Ski holiday competition, retailers will be targeted again through the magazine in order to raise interest in supporting the event and giving it a space in their stores. The approximate cost of advertising in print media would cost Ski  £14,616. Digital media (online) This new form of communication is high in frequency and offers a direct route of advertising to a wider audience; it is faster, easily accessible, flexible and can get instant responses, hence Ski will focus on improving on their web/social media presence. Through websites such as Yahoo!, the advertisements will be start from week 3 to week 17 and on the Good Food (targeting online shoppers who spend time with families and enjoy nutritious food) from week 10 to week 20 (BRAD Insight, 2011d). An online group page for Ski would be created on Facebook as well as advertisements on the site. The group page would focus on the upcoming sporting event and follow all the stages of the event, as well as interacting with existing ski consumers, sharing recipes, comments and feedback. The Facebook adverts will run from week 2 to week 22 and the online group page would commence in week 3 of the pre-launch period until the end of the campaign. The approximate cost of online advertising is  £ 30, 700. ( appendix ). Yahoo! reaches 22 million people in the UK per month; it offers corporate partnerships and provides a unique search and display engine. There are a high number of users using this search engine and it is likely that our target market will come across our adverts, hence the decision to choose Yahoo! for advertising. (BRAD Insight, 2011c). Ski will give importance on building their new interactive website. This would cost  £ 10,600 including half yearly maintenance. The website will include 10 pages and those will include recipes, news / events about ski, a feedback page, image gallery, links to social networking sites, promotional offers and tracking of the entire football event and family Ski holiday competition. Outdoor media In terms of Skis marketing strategy, this form of of media will be a support tool to other mediums such as broadcast and print. It is an effective technique of grabbing the attention of a large audience. Ski will use the 3 main formats of out-door media in order to achieve this. Billboards: To be placed at various central locations. Amounting to  £68,640 in cost. Bus Stops: Posters will be placed in bus stops. Amounting to  £36,000 in cost. Transit: Ads will be placed on buses. Amounting to  £67,600 in cost. The out-door media will run for a period of 8 weeks (from week 5 to week 12). The first 5 weeks will focus on brand and product awareness while the remaining 3 weeks will include details about the sporting event competition. The event result adverts will commence from week 22 to the end of the marketing campaign. Cinema The cinema adverts will run between week 7 and week 10. The cost for 100 screens at 12 cinemas would be  £ 40,000. The advertisements will be mostly run during the screening of movies for children especially when families spend time together. This will focus on the awareness of the football event and the family Ski holiday competition. Packaging Skis new design and packaging (industrial designer charges) will cost approximately  £15,000. The new packaging and design will be completed during the pre launch week before the media plan is implemented. 5.2.2 Sponsorship Sponsorship will be an integral part of Skis marketing communications mix. Through sponsorships new business opportunities emerge such as media coverage, increase of goodwill, increased consumer base and interaction between Ski and the consumer. Skis sponsorship cost is  £6,10,000. Ski will organize a sporting event for schools across England, where in the schools will participate in a football tournament. The winner of the competition will receive sporting equipment sponsored by Ski. The main aim behind holding this event is to promote the health and fitness lifestyle that Ski and Nestlà © stand for. 5.3 Sales promotion Through sales promotions Ski seeks to influence consumer behavior with their interactive promotional strategies. These strategies are especially designed to facilitate consumer interest, interaction and to promote fitness and nutrition. The total cost of Skis sales promotion would amount to approximately  £ 131,055. Vouchers Part of the promotions would include vouchers in Good Housekeeping magazine. The circulation of the magazine is over 400,000 per month (BRAD Insight, 2012). This is a monthly lifestyle issue focused on home and family; hence the rate of vouchers being received by potential consumers is relatively higher since the target market for this is also for mothers. During the sports event, vouchers would be distributed to students and their families to encourage the sales of the product. The vouchers would offer a 20p reduction on the price of any Ski Yoghurt. The total cost of these vouchers would amount to  £ 99,255. Good Housekeeping magazine voucher cost and magazine space amounts to  £ 99,105, whereas school promotional vouchers amount to  £ 150. Sampling Skis sales promotions will include sampling during the school competitions and in supermarkets. The overall cost of the sales promotional activities amounts to  £ 31,800. The sampling event will introduce consumers to a new package design and will focus on building awareness of the yoghurt. 5.4 Public relations A variety of promotional activities will be conducted during the sampling phase in supermarkets and during the sporting event. The main activity would include a life -size cutout with an image of a person skiing and holding a pot of Ski yoghurt and it will be displayed in both school competition finals and supermarkets. A professional photographer will take pictures of people. People need to be creative and imaginative and they can show different ways of using the yoghurt for a snack. Images with captions will then be uploaded on Facebook. Three families of four with the most Likes on their images will win a Ski trip to the French Alps. The Ski holiday will cost approximate  £2,000 each (Adapted from Thompsons, 2012). Twitter will be kept up-to date during the entire campaign. The school football competition videos will be uploaded to You Tube after the event. Post the ski holiday, Videos / images of the families that won the holidays to the Alps will be uploaded to YouTube / Faceb ook. The total cost of a Web administrator will cost  £16,000 per year, which would include maintaining and updating social media accounts like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube (Adapted from PayScale, 2012c). 5.5 Budgeting The media used in the new campaign for Ski includes television, print media, online and outdoor advertising, and improvement of Skis website. Also, sport competition among primary schools, ski holiday competition, sampling during the finals of the competitions and in supermarkets, sales promotion in the form of coupons and repackaging are part of the marketing activities. Furthermore, the costs of pre-testing are calculated on the basis that Ski will need 1 focus group for the testing of the packaging; one focus group testing perceptions; and one focus group testing advertisements. The pre-testing of the awareness will be held by ambassadors in front of 50 central stores in London and Cardiff. The post-testing of the awareness will be the same in the end of the campaign and the post-testing of the perceptions will require one focus group. Additionally, the production cost of the advertisements is estimated as  £30,000 as 5% of the total advertising tools used. The budget of the campaign is estimated at about 5% of the intended market objective to increase sales to  £32 million in six months. During that time the budget should not exceed  £1.6 million. The total amount of the assessed costs is  £  £1,565,467 inclusive of  £50,000 for unexpected costs, especially having in mind that a competition among children can bring many unplanned activities involving extra costs. (Appendices 9.7). 6.0 Evaluation 6.1 Pre-testing To assess how well the new campaign will be received, tests will be carried out upon the prospective advertisements, guiding developers towards advertisements that are conducive to fulfilling the objectives. Five focus groups will used as they can accurately determine the reception of the advert, and therefore inform the creative process. To avoid bias brought in by participants interpretation of their own views, projective techniques will be used. Specifically completion will be used; where partially formed sentences are given to participants, helping to reduce bias and to structure responses in a way that gives responses that are easy to analysed. These should be carried out for all advertisement media developed for the campaign. 6.2 Post-testing Examination of the sales figures before and after the campaign will indicate whether the marketing objectives have been achieved. An examination of data showing any fluctuations in shelf space will of course show whether the desired increase in space has been achieved. Similarly, if all samples of the yoghurt are given out, the target number of people trying a sample will be met with room to spare. Awareness will be measured before and after the campaign to show whether the increase in awareness sought has been achieved. Measurement of this will be carried out with surveys. They will be carried out using opportunity samples outside supermarkets in two city centres within the UK. The locations of central London and Cardiff city centre have been selected as they are within the areas of highest and lowest consumption of yoghurt respectively, giving a more representative sample (Mintel, 2012). Focus groups will be used, separately to those used in pretesting, to show changes brought about in the perceptions of ski. Two groups will be run before the campaign, and two after. Monitoring the campaign and Public Relations Activities Considering the commencement of Skis social media presence in the UK, analysis of feedback from consumers and press will be carried out continuously during the campaign. Thus making it possible to refine and adapt. Using a number of different evaluation methodologies is key giving a holistic insight into the effect the campaign generally (Fill, 2009); and a variety is utilised here, giving a rounded picture whilst showing how the objectives were fulfilled.

Pharmaceutical Companies and How Their Health Information is Managed Through Clinical Trials Essay

Clinical Trials are critical to how pharmaceutical companies manage health information. Through the years the Federal Drug Administration saw many problems with the use of clinical trials and worked at fixing them. Regulations and guidance was put into place to ensure that sponsors of clinical trials; medical researchers, ethic committees and pharmaceuticals understand how they can efficiently carry out the trials while complying with federal law. Pharmaceutical companies rely heavily on these trials to determine how the health information gained is used for research and marketing on a variety of levels within the company including their main purpose of drug development. The clinical trial is an investigational product in human volunteers to examine effects from experimental drugs, medical device, or biologic, such as a vaccine, blood product, or gene therapy (Bren, 2007, 23). The main problem of many clinical trials in the past was the possibility of bias. Meaning any factor that distorts the true outcome of a study, that leads to overestimating or even underestimating the effect of a drug that was being investigated. But now with better FDA regulations stricter guidelines help to prevent this type of bias. When a pharmaceutical has a drug to market it must first submit an application to the FDA that shows data from controlled clinical trials. FDA then reviews the application to make a decision on whether the clinical trials are well-control or if they show the effectiveness of the product. It must also show that all available data show that the product is safe enough to allow it on the public market. Before 1938 pharmaceutical companies could market a drug without submitting any information to the FDA or for that fact any agency. â€Å"The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) of 1938 was passed when over 100 children died from taking a sulfa drug that had not been tested in humans† (Bren, 2007, 24). The FDA adopted the standard, after this incident, that the benefits of a product outweigh the risks. In 1962 new law created made pharmaceuticals responsible to prove that their drugs were both effective and safe if they wanted to market them to the public. Making clinical trial more efficient was needed. In an article â€Å"The Advancement of Controlled Clinical trials† Bren discusses the future of clinical trials in which the FDA see a future of improving clinical trials by standardizing and automating trial procedures, conduct and data processing. Another addition to the trials would be to use patient reported outcomes. â€Å"For systematic diseases, what really matters is how you feel, not how the doctor feels about you† (Bren, 2007, 28). Another important advancement in managing pharmaceutical companies is how they manufacture and the distribution of medication. This was called the Critical Path Initiative. This focuses on the path which medical products must travel from development to patients. The Critical Path Initiative is FDA’s effort to stimulate and facilitate a national effort to modernize the sciences through which FDA regulated products are developed, evaluated, and manufactured† (Bons, Aubert & Bonnely, 2000). Pharmaceutical companies had already recognized that there were weaknesses that needed improvement in clinical trials and that some could be easily improved while others would need a different type of organization, but in general that none of them were really difficult to address. Choosing an independent institute for conducting surveys and trial would give them an opportunity for impartial opinions in clinical trials. Human subjects is an important key in clinical development and investigators are the spokesperson for that study so improving investigator participation in clinical trials would help to improve subject participation and the quality of the whole trial. So looking at the clinical trial in itself would be how pharmaceutical manage the health inf

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What It Is Like To Be In Social Work - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1694 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/03/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Work Essay Did you like this example? The field of social work deals with the health and well-being of people in need. A practicing social worker is an individual that aims to help people develop their skills and their abilities the best way possible. A social worker uses resources and help people within the community. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What It Is Like To Be In Social Work" essay for you Create order Heather Murphy is an example of what a social work is and should be. The motivation to go into social work for Murphy wasnt difficult because she enjoyed helping others. She had a passion, a drive to help others and to make a positive impact with individuals of her community. Social workers field is broad and deciding what field not to work in was difficult for Murphy. Instead, she decided to think of the different fields that she would best enjoy working for and that helped her to narrow down the possibilities. There are plenty of jobs in the social work profession that are both fulfilling and can offer more than adequate compensation. Compensation wasnt a main concern for Murphy, it was the satisfaction of being able to help someone that made her choice this career path. Murphy has an exceptional educational background. She is a licensed social worker who received a Bachelor of Social Work at Elms College. Also, accomplished to receive a Masters degree focused in social work from Fordham University. Currently a candidate at Walden University where she is studying for a PhD. Her extensive education is a sign of dedication and perseverance. Time and effort have earned her such great knowledge that is given daily to whomever is in her presence. The more learning of skills and values has helped Murphy with different outcomes for situations. Murphy was given the chance, at the beginning of her career to work at Gandara Center. Gandara Center provides residential, mental health, and substance use and preventive services for children, families, and adults of different cultural backgrounds. She worked at Gandara since 2011. Started as a clinical supervisor than was promoted to Clinical Director. She was also promoted to Program Director and climbed up the career path to Director of Quality Management then promoted to Director of Clinical Operations at Gandara since April 2018. Murphy is an exp erienced Director with a demonstrated history of working in the mental health care industry. Skilled in nonprofit organizations, social services, and mental health. Strong professional who offers clients the comprehensive services and resources that they require day-to day. Her advancement opportunities are just a few key reasons as to why she is an asset to a good company like Gandara Center. As a director, she is responsible for the management of clinical service across different agencies. She mentioned in interview a broad area of jobs. She reports to the executive director. She supervises the division directors and data analysts. Also, chair the Quality Management, Motivational Interviewing, and LGBTQ+ and allies committees. Furthermore, oversees implementation and utilization of evidence-based practice, outcomes, staff and client satisfaction, and EHR backend reporting. She runs a supervision group weekly. Facilitates the Licensure and Internship initiatives. Murphy states, my education lends itself well to the work I do. Personally, being around her, it is not hard to notice her warm spirit and that human services is her calling. She is caring, honest, teaches her students well, and is a great listener. Those qualities are needed to work to better others. She then mentions another career path which she enjoys, and that is being an adjunct professor and assistant director of field work in the social work department of Elms College. She provides vision and leadership in different work settings. During the interview she said, I enjoy all aspects of my work. It doesnt bother her where she travels to for assignments during work, what matters is to able to make positive results wherever she goes. She also me ntions that she enjoys being in a class of students. To give insist and teach others is very rewarding. And she enjoys the interaction with her social work students at Elms College. Working with children or young adults is something that she is passionate. She said, it is wonderful working with students. There were no frustrations that would ever change her mind to go to a different career path. She did not express any regrets by practicing in this setting. Sure, everyone has better days, but it simply doesnt mean to give up. Murphy said, the good part about being a social worker is the many field options that you can work in, when you feel like changing your environment, youre able to do so. There will be challenging groups or individuals to work with. With time and experience, one will learn to deal with situations appropriately. It takes patients, compassion, and empathy to work with individuals but never give up on them because failure is not an option. And that is what a social work does, empathize with others. Plans for Murphys future were not discussed in detail, as stated above she is a student working on her PhD in social work. She received a field supervisor award for excellence in her company and that is just one of many accomplishments that she has been acknowledged for. Observing Murphy practicing specific social work values wasnt hard. Noticed from the moment I sat down and spoke her ethical and moral values. The integrity and attitude towards humanity were expressed in her conversation. She had good moral values and ethics. To have respect and show empathy for the needs of others were traits that she possessed. She maintained firm boundaries and clear communication. Felt good not being judged or spoken down to. Sometimes people of hire authority treat others poorly and she does not. She instantly noticed my shy demeanor and made me comfortable for the interview process. Is always very polite and caring to myself and her peers. To her all human beings, had the same basic psychological and physical needs. It is no wonder why she practices in a field where human needs are a priority. Cultural competence is an important part of social work in understanding where the client is at and helping them meet their goals. Listening skills, being able to listen without prejudice is important. Putting ones own beliefs asides and not try to change someone elses. Attention to detail and a good observer. As a social worker being able to notice and right down every detail you witness can be helpful for future reference. Respect and commitment towards the help an individual in need. Self-awareness, to understand others and how they might perceive you. Time management, being able to think quickly and work fast to deescalate problems. Great organizational skills because a social worker has important paperwork that needs to be done. Strong verbal and written skills. Persuasive speech to get the attention of individuals Lastly, having patience always. Social workers deal with individuals that are struggling and can take it out on them. A social worker like Murphy stays calm and thinks of strategies and remains calm because not having patients can make problems worse. All these skills play a crucial role in the career of a successful Social Worker. Social workers like Murphy demonstrate leadership in promoting change in their place of employment by using qualities and skills obtained over the years. Murphy used to utilize a social work approach that is strengths based in all her work. To being with, she enjoys research and data collection and takes information gathered to make informed decisions. One example would be utilizing motivational interviewing as an agency wide approach. MI can be used by all types of staff and can be used to work with clients, staff, and during supervision. As a leader, you need to be able to make informed choices and communicate everything. Her numerous positions in the field demonstrate that she has worked and is still working on building better solutions to help different individuals. O verall, learned different aspects about social work that will help me in my future goal of being a social worker. Learned that not everyone is fit to work in the social work field. It takes special people with a kind heart and who are compassionate to help others. People who are heartless and have negative views on life should not be a social worker. Individuals who live to judge others and who think they are better than others should not be a part of human services. It takes a lot of hard work and time to help individuals who dont care about life. Its difficult to come into a job site and see traumatic situations. It is not an easy job to deal with an individual and maybe have family members disagree with what goals you chose for that person. It is a dangerous field to work for but then again, no job is safe. To be a social worker is to be able to present yourself in the most professional and knowledgeable manner, a question about what it is like to be in social work can be different by the different experiences that each face in the broad field. The challenges and rewards of social work should be a priority. Some cases will be great learning experiences and memorable, and others will be devastating. You will learn to work in different settings and learn to like or dislike and that will be okay. A social worker can deal with battered women while another works best with troubled teens. Eventually, everyone finds what fits there wants and needs and being able to pick a profession where you can help others is wonderful. Social workers should be able to complete a task daily whether good or bad. It seems like it would be a great reward to see even the smallest positive change when working with a family or community. But challenges could be the exact opposite, working endlessly to advocate for change and not seeing, or being disappointed with the result. In the fieldwork seems like the reward of being part of any small positive changes are all successes and with this, I know doing what is right can be a great accomplish in social work practice.